1. The Skeletal System

2. I) Bones: An Overview A. Parts of Skeletal System
STUDY QUESTIONS
List the parts of the Skeletal System and **Define the Axial and Appendicular Subdivisions.
A. Parts of Skeletal System
Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments
B. Subdivisions Define
*Axial
*Appendicular

3. C. Functions of Bones Explain
*Support:
*Protect:
*Muscles:
*Store:
*Blood cell:
STUDY QUESTION
**List and explain the Bone functions.

4. D. Classification of Bones
206
1. Structural Types
Compact bone
Spongy bone
STUDY QUESTION
What are the two structural types of Bone and how are they different?
Figure 5.2b

5. 2. *Types by Shape ** List and Explain the Shape Types of Bones.
Figure 5.1

6. D. Structure of a Long Bone
*Diaphysis- explain
*Epiphysis- explain
Periosteum
OBJECTIVES
Identify and explain the anatomical areas of a long bone.

7. *Articular cartilage: explain
Anatomy of a Long Bone …
*Arteries
*Articular cartilage: explain
Epiphyseal plate =
Epiphyseal line =

8. *Medullary cavity: define *Location: *Types Marrow
Anatomy of a Long Bone …
*Medullary cavity: define
*Location:
*Types Marrow
In Adults & Infants

9. E. Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling
1. Growth & Formation:
Dense connective plates
i) Type of bone:
ii) Bones begins to be:
iii) Eventually the bone replaces all membrane
iv) In adult: The bone has Sutures:
b. Cartilage Models:
i) Type of bones:
ii) Cartilage Model in fetus
iii) Bone replaces cartilage until:
iii) Only Epiphyseal Plates are left:
iv) Then bone replaces plates = Epiphyseal Line:

10. Bone Growth (Ossification)
2. Bone remodeling:
a. Cells: describe
*Osteocytes
*Osteoclasts
*Osteoblasts
Microscopic Pits

11. i) Keep bone in good shape
2. Bone remodeling …
b. Functions:
i) Keep bone in good shape
ii) Blood calcium level Homeostasis:
iii) Response to Gravity & muscle activity:
OBJECTIVES
Summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life.
New Bone

12. F. Bone Fractures Fracture (Table 5.1)= a) Basic Types explain *Closed
OBJECTIVES
Name and describe the three types of fractures discussed in class.
Fracture (Table 5.1)=
a) Basic Types explain
*Closed
*Open
b) Specific Types explain
*Comminuted
*Spiral Types
2. Treatment
Reduction
Immobilization

13. Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2

14. G. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
STUDY QUESTION
Describe the stages of healing a bone fracture.
Hematoma
Hematoma formation
1. *Hematoma: define
Figure 5.5, step 1

15. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
New blood vessels
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
2. Fibrocartilage callus
Figure 5.5, step 2

16. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
New blood vessels
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
3. *Bony Callus
explain
Figure 5.5, step 3

17. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
Healed fracture
New blood vessels
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling
4. Remodeling of Bony Callus:
Figure 5.5, step 4

18. H. Bone Markings and Functions
Table 5.1
Projections
*Functions:
*Spine
*Line
*Process
Depressions and Openings
*Functions
*Meatus
*Sinus
*Foramen
3. Articulate

19. II) The Axial Skeleton =

20. Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11

21. A. The Skull Major Areas: Define & Functions *Cranium F P
*Facial bones
1. CRANIUM
Sutures
Frontal
Sagittal
*BONES: location & Articulations
a) *Parietal Bone
b) *Frontal
c) *Temporal
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen F P T O
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen T O

22. 2. FACIAL BONES: Location & Importance a) *Maxilla Hard Palate
SKULL … Cranium …
d) *Occipital
Occipital Condyles
Foramen Magnum
2. FACIAL BONES: Location & Importance
a) *Maxilla
Hard Palate
b) *Mandible
c) *Nasal
d) *Zygomatic
Only freely movable joint = Temporalmandibular Joint
H.P.
O.C.
F.M. O N Z
Max
Man

23. Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7

24. Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9

25. 3) *Paranasal Sinuses: explain
*Functions
B. The Hyoid Bone

26. C. The Fetal Skull
Fontanels

27. D. The Vertebral Column 1. *Parts location & number of below *Cervical
*Thoracic
*Lumbar
*Sacrum
*Coccyx
2. Intervertebral Discs
Type of Tissue
Shape
Location
Function

28. 3. Curvatures a. Primary: Have At birth b. Secondary: Develop when
The Vertebral Column …
3. Curvatures
a. Primary:
Have At birth
b. Secondary:
Develop when

29. 4. Disorders
** STUDENTS DO FOLLOWING **
*Scoliosis
*Herniated Disc

30. END