1. Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
3.3
The Periodic Table
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Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Groups and Periods On the periodic table,
elements are arranged according to similar properties.
groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns.
periods are horizontal rows of elements.

3. Groups and Periods Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4. Periodic Table Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Group Numbers Group Numbers
use the letter A for the representative elements (1A to 8A) and the letter B for the transition elements.
also use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right.

6. Names of Some Representative Elements
Several groups of representative elements are known by common names.
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Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. Alkali Metals
Group 1A(1), the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, and potassium.
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Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. Halogens
Group 7A(17) the halogens, includes chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. Learning Check Identify the element described by the following.
A. Group 7A(17), Period 4
1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Group 2A(2), Period 3
1) beryllium 2) boron 3) magnesium
C. Group 5A(15), Period 2
1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen

10. Solution A. Group 7A (17), Period 4 1) Br B. Group 2A (2), Period 3
3) magnesium
C. Group 5A(15), Period 2
3) nitrogen

11. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
The heavy zigzag line
separates metals and
nonmetals.
Metals are located to the left.
Nonmetals are located to the right.
Metalloids are located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals.
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
are shiny and ductile.
are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Nonmetals
are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.
are good insulators.
Metalloids
are better conductors than nonmetals, but not as good as metals.
are used as semiconductors and insulators.

13. Comparing a Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal

14. Learning Check Identify each of the following elements as
1) metal 2) nonmetal ) metalloid
A. sodium ____
B. chlorine ____
C. silicon ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____

15. Solution Identify each of the following elements as
1) metal 2) nonmetal ) metalloid
A. sodium 1 metal
B. chlorine 2 nonmetal
C. silicon 3 metalloid
D. iron 1 metal
E. carbon 2 nonmetal

16. Learning Check Match the elements to the description.
A. Metals in Group 4A(14)
1) Sn, Pb ) C, Si ) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A(15)
1) As, Sb, Bi ) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb
C. Metalloids in Group 4A(14)
1) C, Si, Ge, ) Si, Ge ) Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

17. Solution Match the elements to the description.
A. Metals in Group 4A (14)
1) Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A(15)
2) N, P
C. Metalloids in Group 4A(14)
2) Si, Ge