1. The Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms
Manu Maudgal
Indo-German Energy Programme
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

2. Outline--Kyoto Protocol
Overview
Outline--Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto Flexible Mechanisms
CDM & HFC projects

3. Kyoto Protocol -Outline
Adopted in Dec, 1997; provides architecture for international efforts on climate change.
Based on "common but differentiated responsibilities.“
Covers Six GHGs : CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, PFC, HFC
Annex I Countries:
Reduce GHG emissions below 1990 level by 5.2% in
Annex II Countries (Sub-group of Annex-I)
support financial & technology to Non-Annex I countries
Non-Annex I Countries:
to meet sustainable development goals
No GHG commitment

4. Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms
Flexibility mechanisms create the ‘Carbon market’ to
Stimulate technology transfer and investment
Encourage the private sector and developing countries to contribute to emission reduction efforts
Help countries with Kyoto commitments to meet their targets in a cost-effective way

5. Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms
Joint Implementation (JI) (KP article 6)
Allows Annex-I country to earn emission reductions from an emission-reduction or emission removal project in another Annex I country
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (KP article 12)
allows Annex-1 country to implement an emission-reduction project in non-Annex-1 countries.
Emissions Trading (KP article 17)
allows Annex-I countries to sell unused emission units allocated to countries that are over their targets.

6. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Note: CER= Certified Emission reduction i.e. 1 tonne of CO2e

7. Source: UNFCCC, as on 18 February 2011
CDM Statistics : India
Registered projects to date: 620 (22%)
CERs
0.082 billion, (17% of CERs registered & issued)
0.047 billion per annum (11% of CERs in pipeline)
Sectors covered
supply side-- renewable energy, power
demand side-- industrial energy efficiency;
transport;
municipal and solid waste;
agriculture and livestock and
changes in land use
Source: UNFCCC, as on 18 February 2011

8. CDM Projects from India:
HFC CDM Projects
CDM Concept
HFC-23 is waste by-product forming ~3% of the HCFC-22 manufacture capacity and let off into the atmosphere
HFC-23 global warming potential (GWP) is 11,700
Under CDM project, HFC-23 is thermally incinerated
CDM Projects from India:
Gujarat Fluro
SRF
Chemplast Sanmar
Navin Fluorine
HFL Ltd
Typical CDM Savings
350 tCO2e / tonne of HCFC manufacture

9. CDM – Success as Kyoto instrument
Successful in:
Bringing near the goal of sustainable development
Acquiring modern technology; technology leap-frog
Provide additional source of finance for investment
Commitment Period
( )
Proven example of the theory that international carbon market can drive investment across the developing world

10. The choice made by our generation, …will affect life on earth for all generations to come. …Working together ‘POST 2012’ can make a difference
Contact Information:
Manu Maudgal
4th Floor, Sewa Bhawan
R. K. Puram
New Delhi , India.
Tel:
Fax: