1. Chapter 11 (p )
Cell Communication

2. Yeast cell, mating type a Yeast cell, mating type 
Figure 11.2
 factor
Receptor 1
Exchange of mating factors a 
a factor
Yeast cell,
mating type a
Yeast cell,
mating type  2
Mating a 
Figure 11.2 Communication between mating yeast cells. 3
New a/ cell
a/

3. Individual rod-shaped cells
Figure 11.3 1
Individual rod-shaped cells 2
Aggregation in progress
0.5 mm 3
Spore-forming structure (fruiting body)
2.5 mm
Figure 11.3 Communication among bacteria.
Fruiting bodies

4. Gap junctions between animal cells Plasmodesmata between plant cells
Figure 11.4
Plasma membranes
Gap junctions between animal cells
Plasmodesmata between plant cells
(a) Cell junctions
Figure 11.4 Communication by direct contact between cells.
(b) Cell-cell recognition

5. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse. Secreting cell
Figure 11.5a
Local signaling
Target cell
Electrical signal along nerve cell triggers release of neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse.
Secreting cell
Secretory vesicle
Figure 11.5 Local and long-distance cell signaling by secreted molecules in animals.
Local regulator diffuses through extracellular fluid.
Target cell is stimulated.
(a) Paracrine signaling
(b) Synaptic signaling

6. Long-distance signaling
Figure 11.5b
Long-distance signaling
Endocrine cell
Blood vessel
Hormone travels in bloodstream.
Target cell specifically binds hormone.
Figure 11.5 Local and long-distance cell signaling by secreted molecules in animals.
(c) Endocrine (hormonal) signaling

7. Figure
Figure 11.6 Overview of cell signaling.

8. 1 2 3 Gate closed Ions Gate open Gate closed Plasma membrane
Figure 11.7d 1 2 3
Gate closed
Ions
Gate open
Gate closed
Plasma membrane
Cellular response
Figure 11.7 Exploring: Cell-Surface Transmembrane Receptors

9. G protein-coupled receptor Plasma membrane Activated receptor
Figure 11.7b
G protein-coupled receptor
Plasma membrane
Activated receptor
Signaling molecule
Inactive enzyme
GTP
GDP
GDP
CYTOPLASM
G protein (inactive)
Enzyme
GTP 1 2
GDP
Activated enzyme
Figure 11.7 Exploring: Cell-Surface Transmembrane Receptors
GTP
GDP
P i 3
Cellular response 4

10. Signaling molecule (ligand) Ligand-binding site
Figure 11.7c
Signaling molecule (ligand)
Ligand-binding site
Signaling molecule
Tyrosines
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr
CYTOPLASM
Receptor tyrosine kinase proteins (inactive monomers)
Dimer 1 2
Activated relay proteins
Figure 11.7 Exploring: Cell-Surface Transmembrane Receptors
Cellular response 1
Tyr
Tyr P
Tyr
Tyr P
Tyr
Tyr P P
Tyr
Tyr P
Tyr
Tyr P P
Tyr
Tyr P
Cellular response 2
Tyr
Tyr P
Tyr
6 ADP
Tyr
Tyr
Tyr P
6 ATP P P
Inactive relay proteins 3 4

11. Hormone (testosterone) EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Figure
Hormone (testosterone)
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Plasma membrane
Receptor protein
Hormone- receptor complex
DNA
Figure 11.9 Steroid hormone interacting with an intracellular receptor.
mRNA
NUCLEUS
New protein
CYTOPLASM

12. Inactive protein kinase 1
Figure 11.10
Inactive protein kinase 1
Active protein kinase 1
Inactive protein kinase 2
ATP
ADP
Active protein kinase 2 P PP
P i
Figure A phosphorylation cascade.
Inactive protein kinase 3
ATP
ADP P
Active protein kinase 3 PP
P i
ATP
ADP P PP
P i

13. Figure 11.11 Adenylyl cyclase Phosphodiesterase AMP
P i
ATP
cAMP
AMP
Figure Cyclic AMP.

14. G protein-coupled receptor GTP
Figure 11.12
G protein
G protein-coupled receptor
GTP
ATP
cAMP
Figure cAMP as a second messenger in a G protein signaling pathway.
Protein kinase A

15. Wild type (with shmoos) Fus3 formin CONCLUSION
Figure 11.17
RESULTS
Wild type (with shmoos)
Fus3
formin
CONCLUSION 1
G protein-coupled receptor
Formin P
Fus3
Actin subunit
GTP P
GDP 2
Formin
Formin
Figure Inquiry: How do signals induce directional cell growth during mating in yeast? P 4
Microfilament
Fus3
Fus3 P 5 3

16. Mitochondrion Active Ced-4 Active Ced-3 Other proteases Ced-4 Ced-3
Figure 11.21
Mitochondrion
Active Ced-4
Active Ced-3
Other proteases
Ced-4
Ced-3
Nucleases
Figure Molecular basis of apoptosis in C. elegans.
(a) No death signal
(b) Death signal

17. Cells undergoing apoptosis
Figure 11.22
Cells undergoing apoptosis
Space between digits
1 mm
Interdigital tissue
Figure Effect of apoptosis during paw development in the mouse.