1. Text Study Notes to the Text Words and Expressions Idea Sharing1 1
Text Study
Notes to the Text
Words and Expressions
Idea Sharing
Writing

2. Understanding
Structure Analysis
Summary
Reproduction

3. I. Understanding 1. Match the Numbers (Paras.1-2) a. 185,000
Text Study—Understanding
I. Understanding
1. Match the Numbers (Paras.1-2)
a. 185,000
b. nearly 500,000
c. one million
d. 102,000
e. 204,000
__ killed since 1970s
__ killed in the past few years
__ expected to die
__ infected with HIV virus
__ black & Latinos diagnosed with HIV e d a c b

4. 2. Tick the Right (Paras.3-6)
Text Study—Understanding
2. Tick the Right (Paras.3-6)
What are correct about the South Carolina
AIDS Education Network ?
a. It is a government organization.
b. It combats the spread of AIDS.
c. It gets a lot of money.
d. It operates programs out of a beauty shop.
e. It uses videos and publications.
f. Hairdressers’ are not in the network.

5. 3. Explain the Methods (Paras.7-13)
Text Study—Understanding
3. Explain the Methods (Paras.7-13)
Work in pairs and explain methods 1-3 with the help of the key words in the following charts:
Method 1
speak to your community
Problem
a low literacy rate
Solution
draw pictures, familiar faces
and language
Evaluation
more effect

6. simple, better, adult, help Method 3 redefine
Text Study—Understanding
Method 2
train teenagers
Problem
spread fastest
Solution
establish, program
Evaluation
simple, better, adult, help
Method 3
redefine
Problem
misinformation
Solution
emphasize, regardless

7. Problem + Solution + Evaluation + Summary
Text Study—Structure Analysis
II. Structure Analysis
A. The Writing Model of the Passage:
Problem + Solution + Evaluation + Summary
The basic structure of this pattern is problem-solution-evaluation. There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions.
Can you list some typical expressions for this pattern?

8. The typical expressions for this pattern: expressions function
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The typical expressions for this pattern:
expressions
function
the problem,
the question
introduce a problem
to solve …,
the solution
introduce the solution
the result,
as a result
introduce result, effect
or evaluation
Now, find the problem, solution and evaluation of this passage.
Tips

9. Text Study—Structure Analysis
The Problem:
1. AIDS has killed many Americans, and still many with the HIV virus are expected to die.
(Para. 1)
2. Women and youth in some communities are making up the fastest segment of people with
AIDS.
(Para. 2)
3. American governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease.
(Para. 3)

10. The Solution: A number of local organizations have emerged.
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The Solution:
A number of local organizations have emerged.
The South Carolina AIDS Education Network is
one of them.
(Paras.3-4)
1.The organization operates its educational programs out of a beauty shop. (Paras.4-5)
2. The network began helping the hair stylists
set up similar programs in their shops.
(Para.6)

11. Speak to your community in a way they can hear. (Paras.8-9)
Text Study—Structure Analysis
3. It has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work. (Para.7)
Speak to your community in a way they can hear.
(Paras.8-9)
Train teenagers to educate their peers.
(Para.10)
Redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.
(Paras.11-12)

12. The Evaluation : The Summary :
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The Evaluation :
These programs are not the only solutions to the crisis but, until there is a cure for AIDS,
they are only safe measures against the virus.
(Para.13)
The Summary :
We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done. Nor can we let political inefficiency stop us from our task. Everyone must become an educator and learn to live.
(Para.14)

13. Problem-solution-evaluation
Text Study—Structure Analysis
B. The way to develop paragraphs:
A General Statement +
Problem-solution-evaluation
The writer lists some ways of winning the war against AIDS. Each method is presented in a
general statement. He tries to argue for the
idea in a problem-solution-evaluation way.

14. Method 2 : Train teenagers to educate their peers. The problem
Text Study—Structure Analysis
Method 2 :
Train teenagers to educate their peers.
The problem
The solution
The evaluation

15. The problem The solution
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The problem
AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in
the rural South.
The solution
Establish an “AIDS Busters” program.
The program trains youth (from 8 to 26) to go into the community and teach AIDS lessons to their peers.

16. Young people make the lessons simple.
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The evaluation
Young people make the lessons simple.
They explain the risk of catching AIDS to their friends much better than an adult can.
They help parents understand the peer pressure their children experience.
Method 1 & 3 are developed in the same way. Work with your partner and find the details.

17. Text Study—Summary
III. Summary
Since it was ________ in 1970s, AIDS has killed _________ of Americans. Women and youth in rural Southern communities are most ______ to be ________ with AIDS. In _____ of the spread of AIDS and lack of government activity to stop it, some local organizations ________. The South Carolina AIDS Education Network formed to help _______ the number of AIDS _____. In some communities, handing ____ AIDS literature and ________ people to read it is not very _______
diagnosed
thousands
likely
infected
place
emerged
reduce
cases
out
expecting
effective

18. Text Study—Summary
because many people cannot read. Besides, AIDS is ________ fastest among teenagers in the _____ South. So these groups have _________ some ____ methods of ________ the spread of AIDS, ______ include: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their _____; and ______ “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage ______. In other _____, everyone should ________ the war
______ AIDS.
spreading
rural
developed
best
combating
which
peers
redefine
status
words
sign up for
against

19. IV. Reproduction Group work. Suppose you are committee
Text Study—Reproduction
IV. Reproduction
Group work. Suppose you are committee
members of the South Carolina AIDS Education
Network. Now a meeting is being held to find
solutions to the spread of AIDS. After the
meeting, send your representative to report
your solutions, which are expected to be
reasonable, convincing and effective. Make
good use of the information in Section A.
A sample beginning

20. A sample beginning After discussion, we’ve worked out some
Text Study—Reproduction
A sample beginning
After discussion, we’ve worked out some
solutions to the problems we are faced
with. To begin with, immediate actions
should be taken to collect money to keep
our organization going…

21. Active Expressions
Focus Study

22. Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
I. Active Expressions
In English, you may find some expressions formed by very common words, but they
are active and powerful.
e.g.
What’s on at the cinema tonight?
今晚电影院上演什么？
What’s he up to?
他忙什么呢？

23. Find the active expressions:
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
Find the active expressions:
1. Another 185,000 … with the HIV virus are expected to die within the next year.
2. …and state governments have been slow in implementing programs…
3. To reach more people in the community, … programs operate out of a beauty shop.
4. The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients …
5. … the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and …

24. think that sth. will happen
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
expect sb to do
think that sth. will happen
be slow in
hesitate to act;
not quick to learn
hand out v.
Handout n.
distribute sth.;
a piece of paper with information distribute by a teacher
reach
communicate with; speak to
wipe out
destroy, remove, or get rid of sth completely
Practice

25. Translation 今天是星期天，我没有想到这么多人来听讲座。 据报道，这个城市在交通管理方面非常滞后。
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
Translation
今天是星期天，我没有想到这么多人来听讲座。
据报道，这个城市在交通管理方面非常滞后。
救济人员在向生还者分发紧急配给品。
这是我的电话，以防你要联系我。
由于操作不当，所有储存于电脑的信息消失殆尽。
keys

26. Relief workers were handing out emergency rations to the survivors.
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
Today is Sunday. I didn’t expect so many people to attend this lecture.
It has been reported that this city is very slow in traffic management.
Relief workers were handing out emergency rations to the survivors.
Here’s my telephone number, in case you need to reach me.
Due to his improper operation, all the information stored has been wiped out.
More Practice

27. More Practice 下周二你们要做一个有关爱滋病主题的课堂发言。 他数学学得很好，但学语言却很迟钝。
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
More Practice
下周二你们要做一个有关爱滋病主题的课堂发言。
他数学学得很好，但学语言却很迟钝。
你可以在讲义的最后一页看到完整参考书目。
经过两年的谈判，双方终于达成了协议。
据说这个村有一半人口患艾滋病死了。
Keys

28. 1. Next Tuesday, you are expected to give a presentation on AIDS.
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
1. Next Tuesday, you are expected to give a
presentation on AIDS.
2. He is smart at mathematics, but very slow in learning languages.
3. I am so tired today that I don’t feel like going to work.
4. After two years of negotiation, the two parties
have finally reached a settlement.
5. It is said the half the population in this village
was wiped out by AIDS.

29. Notes to the Text—Focus Study
II. Focus Study
1. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low literacy AIDS education publications.
sb./sth. + attributive clause
e.g.
I don’t like the way he talks to others.
More Practice

30. Complete the following
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Complete the following
I’ll never forget the city ___________________
____________ (我和玛丽在那里度过童年时光).
He won a gold medal, ____________________
____________________ (全家人认为这是个了 不起的荣誉).
where I spent my child-
hood with Mary
which the whole family
considered a great honor

31. Contextual clues can help one better understand sentences.
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
2. They also show people who look like those
we need to educate, since …
Contextual clues can help one better understand sentences.
What do “they” and “people” refer to?
They = These books, people = the pictures
这些书籍也展示一些看上去和那些需要接受教育的人很相似的图片，……

32. Despite..., … 尽管······，还是······
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
3. Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have always been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS.
Despite..., … 尽管······，还是······
Practice

33. Translation 尽管有许多困难，他还是设法在三周内完成了工作。 他第三次考试未通过，尽管他一直都很努力。
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Translation
尽管有许多困难，他还是设法在三周内完成了工作。
他第三次考试未通过，尽管他一直都很努力。
Despite a lot of difficulties, he managed to finish the work within three weeks.
He failed in the exam a third time despite his continuous hard working.

34. Notes to the Text—Focus Study
4. Like no other plague before, the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leave another without parents.
leave sth./sb 让某人/物处于某状态······
e.g.
The trial left a lot of questions unanswered.
Practice

35. Translation 别让她在外边雨中等着。 外面那么冷，我希望你不要再让门开着。
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Translation
别让她在外边雨中等着。
外面那么冷，我希望你不要再让门开着。
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
I wish you’d stop leaving the door open. It’s cold outside.

36. 5. This is an undeclared war that everyone
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
5. This is an undeclared war that everyone
must sign up for in order for us to win.
Sth./Sb. is …, ······是 ······，
Practice

37. Translation 电脑是一种电子装置，这种装置能够储存信息并能根据一套被称为程序的指令做事情。
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Translation
电脑是一种电子装置，这种装置能够储存信息并能根据一套被称为程序的指令做事情。
好老师是那些能够引起学习者学习兴趣的老师。
A computer is an electric machine that can store information and do things with it according to a set of instructions called a program.
The greatest teachers are the ones who
can arouse students’ interests to learn.

38. Old to New
Chinese to English
Word Using

39. I. Old to New form, make up carry out fear, worry group instead of
Words and Expressions—Old to New
I. Old to New
form, make up
carry out
fear, worry
group
instead of
fight, battle
constitute
implement
alarm
organization
in place of
combat

40. I. Old to New client customer teach educate teacher educator tell
Words and Expressions—Old to New
I. Old to New
client
educate
educator
relate
risk
customer
teach
teacher
tell
danger

41. II. Chinese to English 20世纪70年代末期 in the late 1970s 20世纪70年代初期
Words and Expressions—C to E
II. Chinese to English
20世纪70年代末期
20世纪70年代初期
20世纪70年代中期 资源
出版物 文学
受教育比例低
in the late 1970s
in the early 1970s
in the middle 1970s
resources
publication
literature
a low literacy rate

42. 高死亡率 婚姻状况 经济状况 就业情况 法律地位 效率 效率低下 a high death rate marriage status
Words and Expressions—C to E
高死亡率
婚姻状况
经济状况
就业情况
法律地位 效率
效率低下
a high death rate
marriage status
economic status
job status
legal status
efficiency
inefficiency

43. III. Word Using 1. acquire vt.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
III. Word Using
1. acquire vt.
to get by skill or ability, by one’s own efforts or behavior
（由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到
e.g.
acquire a good knowledge of English 熟谙英文
acquire a reputation for dishonesty
蒙上不诚实恶名
acquire a taste for brandy 养成喝白兰地的嗜好

44. to get by skill or ability, by one’s own efforts or behavior
Words and Expressions—Word Using
1. acquire vt.
to get by skill or ability, by one’s own efforts or behavior
（由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到
e.g.
The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai.
这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。

45. ② diagnose + illness/sb.’s condition as …
Words and Expressions—Word Using
2. diagnose vt.诊断
① diagnose sb. with …
② diagnose + illness/sb.’s condition as …
e.g.
The woman is diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病).
The doctor diagnosed the illness as cancer.

46. Use It 3. constitute vt. form sth. from parts e.g.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
3. constitute vt.
form sth. from parts
e.g.
Twelve months constitute a year.
Use It
How many students constitute your study group?

47. to cause sudden fear or worry;
Words and Expressions—Word Using
4. alarm vt.
to cause sudden fear or worry;
to give a warning or feeling of danger to
使恐慌，使担忧；警告
e.g.
Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might break out.
人人听到战事可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。

48. Translation Key 4. alarm vt. to cause sudden fear or worry;
Words and Expressions—Word Using
4. alarm vt.
to cause sudden fear or worry;
to give a warning or feeling of danger to
使恐慌，使担忧；警告
Translation
枪声惊动了千百只鸟。
Key
The noise of the shot alarmed hundreds of birds.

49. ①[U] sudden fear and worry 恐慌，担忧；
Words and Expressions—Word Using
4. alarm n.
①[U] sudden fear and worry 恐慌，担忧；
②[C] a piece of equipment that warns people
about danger, the time, etc. 报警器；闹钟
a fire alarm 火警
set the alarm(-clock) for 6 o’clock 把闹钟拨到6点
e.g. He jumped up in alarm.
他惊慌地跳了起来。
e.g.

50. What do these organizations mean?
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5. organization n.
a group of people with a special purpose
What do these organizations mean?
WHO
OPEC
World
Health
Organization
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
More

51. Use It 6. emerge vi. ① to come to appear e.g.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
6. emerge vi.
① to come to appear
e.g.
The sun emerged from behind a cloud.
Use It
What does the photo show us?
It shows a beautiful scene when the morning sun emerges from the sea surface.

52. Different ideas emerged in the heated discussion.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
6. emerge vi.
② to become known
e.g.
Different ideas emerged in the heated discussion.
Later, it emerged that the judge had been employing an illegal immigrant.

53. to make clear by giving pictures or examples
Words and Expressions—Word Using
7. illustrate vt.
to make clear by giving pictures or examples
e.g.
These graphs illustrate the results of the experiment.

54. Translation Key 7. illustrate vt.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
7. illustrate vt.
to make clear by giving pictures or examples
Translation
他用统计数据来说明观点。
Key
He illustrated his point with statistics.

55. Translation Key 8. risk vt. ① to place in danger 士兵冒着生命危险去救落水的女孩。
Words and Expressions—Word Using
8. risk vt.
① to place in danger
Translation
士兵冒着生命危险去救落水的女孩。
Key
The soldier risked his life to save the drowning girl.

56. Translation Key 8. risk n. ② danger at risk: in danger 处境危险
Words and Expressions—Word Using
8. risk n.
② danger
at risk: in danger 处境危险
Translation
疾病在蔓延，5岁以下的儿童都有被传染的危险。
Key
The disease is spreading, and all children under 5 are at risk.
More phrases

57. at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着……的危险
Words and Expressions—Word Using
at any risk
at all risks
不管冒什么风险
at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着……的危险
take/run the risk of (doing) sth.
冒着……的危险
take/run the risk to do sth.
冒险……
Practice

58. Which is right? 1. I am risking my job.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
Which is right?
1. I am risking my job.
2. I am taking the risk of losing my job.
3. I am at the risk of losing my job.

59. = take sb.’s attention from sth. 使分心
Words and Expressions—Word Using
9. distract sb. from sth.
= take sb.’s attention from sth. 使分心
e.g.
Most Chinese parents think puppy love will distract their children from their school work.
多数中国父母认为早恋
会让孩子学习分心。

60. Translation Key 9. distract sb. from sth.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
9. distract sb. from sth.
to take sb.’s attention from sth. 使分心
Translation
街上的嘈杂声使我不能专心读书。
Key
The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.

61. Translation Key 10. sign up for
Words and Expressions—Word Using
10. sign up for
to put one’s name on a list to take part in sth.
报名参加
Translation
上个学期她报名参加了青年志愿者组织。
Key
She signed up for the Young Volunteer team last semester.

62. Make a Comparison

63. Compare the Situation of AIDS in China with that in America.
Idea Sharing
Compare the Situation of AIDS
in China with that in America.
Search for related information :
1. the first case; the infected population
2. high-infection areas
3. high-risk group
4. government work
5. unofficial program
6. education work
7. people’s attitude
Tips

64. Idea Sharing
Tips
1. The first case of AIDS was diagnosed/ reported ..., ... years later than ... ; by the year ..., there will be ... infected with HIV ...
2. The AIDS high-infection areas include ...
constitute the fastest growing segment/group of people with AIDS ...
4. The governments have been slow/quick/ active/efficient in ...; political inefficiency

65. 5. help ... through an organization; community; emerge; establish;
Idea Sharing
5. help ... through an organization;
community; emerge; establish;
hand out ...;
6. educate; operate educational
program; ... attach importance to ...;
lay stress on ...; videos; publications
7. get worried; don’t like talking about ...;
be scared by ...;refuse to ...; concern about…
Lead-in video clip

66. Idea Sharing
AIDS Spread

67. The Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern
Practical Writing

68. I. The Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern
Writing—Structured Writing
I. The Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern
The basic structure of this pattern is problem-solution-evaluation. There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions.
Development
a general statement
problem
solution
evaluation
Sample

69. Sample a general statement problem
Writing—Structured Writing
a general statement
Parents should be the main solution to children’s lack of physical exercise. Clearly children are spending too many hours watching TV. Their lack of exercise could lead to health problems. If parents set a good example and take exercise with their children, it would seem a natural part of life. Parents can motivate their children to be active from an early age.
problem
Sample
solution
evaluation
Useful Expressions

70. Useful Expressions for Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern
Writing—Structured Writing
Useful Expressions for Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern
A general statement:
... may help you ...
A problem:
... is really a problem; one of the difficulties is ...; the question is …
A solution:
to solve ... /the solution to ...
An evaluation:
by doing ... you will ...; … play a vital role in ...; it is effective to ...;
as a result

71. Writing—Structured Writing
Writing Task
Write a paragraph, following the problem-solution-evaluation pattern.
Topics:
How to Keep Healthy
Job Problems for Graduates
For your reference

72. Job Problems for Graduates
Writing—Structured Writing
(For reference)
Job Problems for Graduates
College graduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job. One reason perhaps is that many colleges and universities fail to adapt their courses to the development of economy. Second, there is an oversupply of graduates in certain specialties. What should be done to solve this problem? To begin with, the colleges should get students out of the ivory tower and have their courses meet the needs of industry and business
To be continued

73. Writing—Structured Writing
so as to suit the on-going development of the national economy. Second, the government should provide college graduates with more opportunities to develop new skills. The third solution, I think, is to adopt strong measures of birth control because the greater the population, the less the opportunity for every-
one to get a job.

74. Writing—Practical Writing
II. Practical Writing
Invitation

75. Writing—Practical Writing
较正式的宴会请柬多用于隆重的社交场合,因此行文中不使用第一人称 I 或 we，而使用第三人称,如 Mr.等。英文请柬常在最后加上 R.S.V.P. ，是法文repondez s’il vous plait 的缩写,意思是Please reply。
Sample 1

76. Writing—Practical Writing
Sample 1
Mr. Sun Zhiwei
requests the pleasure of the company of Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Hua to dinner 7:00 p.m. on Friday, 18th January at Room 402, 102 Jianguo Road (W)
R. S. V. P.
谨定于一月十八日星期五下午七时在建国路102号402室举行晚宴。
敬请张华先生和夫人光临。
孙志伟

77. Sample 2 Writing—Practical Writing 李翔先生：
兹定于二零零九年五月三日星期日上午十一点在和平饭店举行女儿孙佳与张汉先生的婚礼。
敬请光临
孙志军 敬约
赵 梅

78. Writing—Practical Writing
Sample 2
Mr. and Mrs. Li Xiang accept with pleasure Mr. and Mrs. Sun Zhijun’s kind invitation to the wedding ceremony of their daughter Sun Jia and Mr. Zhang Han on Sunday, the third of May at eleven o’clock at Peace Hotel.
以上是对结婚请柬的回复。此信也可简化如下：
Mr. and Mrs. Li Xiang accept with pleasure Mr. and Mrs. Sun Zhijun’s kind invitation on Sunday, the third of May.

79. Writing—Practical Writing
Sample 2
Mr. and Mrs. Li Xiang regret that they will be unable to accept Mr. and Mrs. Sun Zhijun’s invitation to the wedding ceremony of their daughter Sun Jia and Mr. Zhang Han.
以上是对婚宴邀请的辞谢。作为被邀请的客人，如不能应邀出席，应尽快予以回复，可不写原因，但说明原因更有礼貌。

80. The End of Section A
To Section B