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Pre-1800 European interested in Africa had waned Renewed interest due to need for new markets & more raw materials Begins a “scramble” to establish.

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Presentation on theme: "Pre-1800 European interested in Africa had waned Renewed interest due to need for new markets & more raw materials Begins a “scramble” to establish."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Age of Imperialism 1870-1914

2 Pre-1800 European interested in Africa had waned Renewed interest due to need for new markets & more raw materials Begins a “scramble” to establish colonies in Africa

3 1874 – annex Nigeria & the Gold Coast 1898 – takes control of Sudan
British Holdings 1874 – annex Nigeria & the Gold Coast 1898 – takes control of Sudan 1914 – Egypt becomes a British protectorate Had taken control of Suez Canal in 1875

4 1900 – control French West Africa 1912 – brings in Morocco
French Holdings 1879 – take Algeria 1881 – gain Tunisia 1900 – control French West Africa 1912 – brings in Morocco

5 Other Holdings Germany claimed Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, & German East Africa Italy invaded Libya in 1911; had previously tried to take Ethiopia in 1896 but failed Belgium gets the Congo

6 The Berlin Conference Takes place from 1884 to 1885
Purpose: to stop conflict before it started – Germany had begun launching expeditions that frightened Britain and France 14 countries took part Austria-Hungary Belgium Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands Ottoman Empire Russia Portugal Spain Sweden Britain United States

7 Results of the Conference
Europe agreed to stop the slave trade throughout their perspective spheres Freed trade through Congo Basin Niger and Congo rivers were made free for ship traffic Principle of Effective Occupation Introduced spheres of influence Had to notify other powers if you were going to colonize a new area

8 Indirect Rule Most European nations ruled their colonies indirectly
They exerted influence and power over local rulers to maintain control Happened for a few reasons Cheaper to do this Local rulers got to keep power Elite class gained advantages Alternative = resistance; never really went well

9 The White man’s Burden White man has a moral obligation to rule non-white civilizations by encouraging their economic and social progress through colonization Comes from a poem by Rudyard Kipling about the Philippine-American War

10 Effects of Imperialism
Gross exploitation of Africa and its people Sowed seeds for class and tribal tensions New wave of African nationalism

11 Rule switched to the crown directly in 1858 – British Raj
British Rule in India British had been there since – control given to British East India Company – Company Raj Rule switched to the crown directly in 1858 – British Raj

12 Sepoy mutiny Sepoys – Indian soldiers hired by the East India Company
1857 – growing Indian distrust leads to revolt Immediate cause – rifle cartridges greased with pig fat Long term cause – racial and social tensions Flashpoint: Meerut Group of sepoys refused to load rifles, humiliated and punished Angered other sepoys and groups, rebellion rose, crushed within a year

13 Power shifted from EIC to the crown
Effects of the Mutiny Power shifted from EIC to the crown Rebellion fueled Indian nationalism

14 British Colonial Rule: Structure, benefits, & costs
Appointed viceroys to run India Benefits: Brought order & stability to a badly divided society Efficient govt. New school system Introduced railroads, telegraph, & postal service Costs: Economic – British reaped rewards, brought hardship to masses Method of tax collection backfired – led to peasant unrest Drastic fall in food supply Brits were arrogant – cut Indian pride Disrespect for local culture & racial attitudes

15 Came from upper-middle class, educated, urban population
Indian Nationalism Came from upper-middle class, educated, urban population Preferred reform to revolution Learned not to rely on British goodwill Indian National Congress Newspapers

16 Gandhi Born in 1869 Father was the chief minister of his province
At 19 went to London to study law Came back to India in 1891 – set up a practice but failed Got a job with an Indian law firm and sent to South Africa – lived there for 20 years Appalled by the discrimination he experienced – began to practice passive resistance Returned to India in 1914 – began to stage passive resistance demonstrations in 1919 Arrested in 1922, released in 1924, & began a new movement in 1930 Retired from in politics in 1934, but came back during WWII Assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu extremist

17 Nation building in Latin America
Nationalist Revolts - revolution ideas came from Europe & NA – series of revolts allowed for LA independence 1804 – first major revolt – slave revolt led by Francois Toussaint-Louverture

18 1810 – Miguel Hidalgo led a revolt against Spanish – failed
Revolt in Mexico 1810 – Miguel Hidalgo led a revolt against Spanish – failed Aristocracy feared the masses – decided to overthrow Spanish 1821 – Mexico declares its independence

19 South America Jose de San Martin & Simon Bolivar – major revolutionary leaders 1810 – Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, & Argentina liberated 1817 – Chile gains independence 1822 – Brazil declares independence from Portugal 1824 – Peru liberated by Bolivar

20 Central America By 1823 almost all Central America states had gained freedom 5 republics: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica & Nicaragua

21 During 19th century – LA became economically dependent on West again
Nation building Number of problems Staggering loss of people, property, livestock Uncertainty in new borders Poor roads, railroads made communication and unity difficult During 19th century – LA became economically dependent on West again

22 Antonio Lopez de Santa anna
Ruled Mexico from “Napoleon of the West” Misused state funds, halted reforms, created chaos Mexican-American War 1846 – 1848 Period of reform followed – led by Benito Juarez Caudillos – strong leaders supported by military and landed elite; very popular

23 Porifirio Diaz – ruled from 1877- 1911 Workers wages declined
Revolution in Mexico Porifirio Diaz – ruled from Workers wages declined Francisco Madero – forced Diaz from power Tried to lead revolution, proved to be difficult Pancho Villa Mexican Revolution

24 Persistent Inequality
U.S. & Latin America US dominated LA Built infrastructure Economic dependence Persistent Inequality

25 Theodore Roosevelt Takes office in 1901 1903 – supports Panamanian rebellion against Colombia – gained land for Panama Canal – completed in 1914 Good Neighbor Policy

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