1. Science Earth & Space Science GED Support
Kristina Gonzales, BS, MHA

2. Earth & Space Science
Gonzales, Spring 2017

3. Lesson 1: Structure of Earth
Spherical, flattened at poles, bulging at the equator
3 layers
Crust  made of granite, basalt, gabbro, miles think
Mantle  silica and metal rich minerals
Core  has 2 layers; outer = liquid iron, inner = solid iron
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

4. Lesson 1: Structure of Earth
Theory of plate tectonics  phenomena of earths crust; seafloor spreading, formation of major landforms, and how continents move
Earths crust is made up of tectonic plates (fit like a puzzle together)
These plates move together
At the boundaries between plates  major landforms form and earthquakes occur
3 types of plate boundaries, or margins:
Constructive margin  2 plates are moving apart & new crust is forming
Destructive margin  2 plates are colliding and crust is being destroyed
Transform, conservative margin  2 plates are sliding by one another & no crust is created
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

5. Lesson 1: Structure of Earth
Pangaea  a single large continent, existed about 250 million years ago
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

6. Lesson 2: Earth’s Resources
Resource  anything that is needed by humans to survive
Natural resource: air, H2O, soil, minerals, energy
Soil  layer of loose disintegrated rock, organic matter, living organisms, air, and water
Minerals  naturally forming inorganic substances with a crystalline structure of which rocks are made
Energy resources  fossil fuels, flowing water, wind, solar energy, geothermal energy
2 types of resources:
nonrenewable  takes million of years to form naturally
Renewable  supply will not run out, unlimited supply
Solar energy
Resource cycles through the environment
water
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

7. Lesson 2: Earth’s Resources
People harm the natural resources through consumption, overuse, & pollution
The ozone layer is deplete by the release of compounds called CFCs
Conservation any action taken to preserve natural resources and protect the natural environment
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

8. Lesson 3: Weather & Climate
Weather  day to day change in conditions in the atmosphere
Climate  average weather conditions of a large region over a long period of time
All weather and climate ultimately arise form the uneven heating of the earth
Uneven heating causes global wind circulation patterns
Prevailing winds
Cold air
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Warm air
Gonzales, Spring 2017

9. Lesson 3: Weather & Climate
Major influence on weather and climate, caused by uneven heating of Earth, is the ocean currents
Ocean currents caused by the wind and by variations in the density of water
Ocean currents help transfer heat from equatorial regions to the poles
Daily weather patterns  caused by movements of air masses, large bodies of air with similar temperature, humidity, and pressure
Front  boundary between 2 air masses
Cold front  cold air mass overtakes & displaces a warm air mass
Warm front  warm air mass rises over a cold air mass
Occluded front  cold front catches up with a warm front & the 2 weather system merge
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

10. Lesson 3: Weather & Climate
Precipitation  water released from clouds in form of rain
Meteorologists  study short term weather patterns and data
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

11. Lesson 4: Earth in the Solar System
Solar system  consists of the sun, planets, satellites, star, asteroids, comets
Sun contains more than 99% of mass (amount of matter) in solar system
Other celestial bodies revolve help by gravity
8 planets:
Inner planets  close to the sun
Outer planets  distant from the sun
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

12. Lesson 4: Earth in the Solar System
Earth is 70% covered by water; only planet that life exist
The moon is the largest satellite in solar system
No atmosphere, some surface ice
Revolves around earth every 27 days
During lunar month, moon goes through phases
Changes in the proportion of its surface that is in shadow
29 days
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

13. Lesson 5: The Expanding Universe
Sun is a medium sized yellow star
Contains helium and hydrogen, produces its own heat and light
Start as prostars  form from clouds of condensing gases and dust called nebulae
Next… reaches a certain density & temperature, and a nuclear reaction occurs, now its becomes a main-sequence star  longest stage in the stellar life cycle
When the star runs out of hydrogen fuel it becomes a red giant
It becomes unstable and explodes into a supernova & leaves behind a neutron star or becomes a white dwarf
A neutron star can be dense  black hole
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

14. Lesson 5: The Expanding Universe
The sun is one star in the Milky Way
Galaxies  consist of between 1 million to 1 trillion stars, plus clouds of gas and dust, all head together by the force of gravity
Galaxies are classified according to their shape
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy & has a dense circular center with arms spiraling out from the core
The solar system is located in one of the arms, Orion Arm
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

15. Lesson 5: The Expanding Universe
The Milky Way is par of a group of galaxies called the Local Group
There are 27 known galaxies is this group
Universe  mostly is empty space with galaxies spread around
It has other bodies:
brown dwarfs  objects that are less massive than a star but more massive than a planet
Pulsars  thought to be rotating neutron stars that emit pulses of energy at regular intervals
Quasars  distant star like objects that emit more energy than a hundred galaxies
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Cosmologist  study the origin, properties, and evolution of the universe
One theory = Big Bang
Gonzales, Spring 2017