1. Medicare Enrollment,
NOTES: Numbers may not sum to total due to rounding. People with disabilities under age 65 were not eligible for Medicare prior to 1972.
SOURCE: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Enrollment: Hospital Insurance and/or Supplemental Medical Insurance Programs for Total, Fee-for-Service and Managed Care Enrollees as of July 1, 2008: Selected Calendar Years ; , HHS Budget in Brief, FY2011.

2. Medicare Beneficiaries as a Percent of State Populations, 2012
National Average, 2012 = 16%
10% - 14%
15% – 16%
17% – 18%
19% – 21%
8 states, DC
18 states
19 states
5 states
SOURCE: Calculation based on Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the CMS State/County Market Penetration file, March 2012; and 2011 population estimates from the United States Census Bureau.

3. Medicare Enrollment, 1970 – 2035 In millions: Historical Projected
SOURCE: 2012 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds.

4. Projected Change in Medicare Enrollment, 2000-2050
(in millions)
Average Annual
Growth in Enrollment
SOURCE: 2012 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds.

5. Characteristics of the Medicare Population
Percent of total Medicare population:
Income below $22,502
Savings below $77,482
3+ Chronic Conditions
Fair/Poor Health
Cognitive/Mental Impairment
Dually Eligible for Medicare and Medicaid
Under-65 Disabled
2+ ADL Limitations
Age 85+
Long-term Care Facility Resident
NOTE: ADL is activity of daily living. SOURCE: Urban Institute and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, 2012; Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Medicare Current Beneficiary 2009 Cost and Use file.

6. Median Income Among Medicare Beneficiaries, Overall and by Race/Ethnicity and Age, 2012
Gender
SOURCE: Urban Institute analysis of DYNASIM for the Kaiser Family Foundation.

7. Distribution of Medicare Beneficiaries by Income Level, 2012
5% had incomes above $88,900
50% had incomes below $22,500
25% had incomes below $14,000
NOTE: Total household income for couples is split equally between husbands and wives to estimate income for married beneficiaries.
SOURCE: Urban Institute analysis of DYNASIM for the Kaiser Family Foundation.

8. Medicare Beneficiaries’ Utilization of Selected Medical and Long-Term Care Services, 2009
Percent of total Medicare population:
Physician Office Visit
Emergency Room Visit
Inpatient Hospital Stay
Home Health Visit
Skilled Nursing
Facility Stay
Hospice Visits
SOURCES: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Medicare Current Beneficiary 2009 Cost and Use file.

9. Standard Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit, 2013
CATASTROPHIC COVERAGE
Enrollee pays 5%
Catastrophic Coverage Limit = $6,733.75* in
Estimated Total Drug Costs
Plan pays 15%; Medicare pays 80%
Brand-name drugs Enrollee pays 47.5%; Plan pays 2.5% 50% manufacturer discount
Generic drugs
Enrollee pays 79%; Plan pays 21%
COVERAGE
GAP
Initial Coverage Limit = $2,970 in Total Drug Costs
INITIAL
COVERAGE
PERIOD
Enrollee pays 25%
Plan pays 75%
Deductible = $325
DEDUCTIBLE
NOTE: *Amount corresponds to the estimated catastrophic coverage limit for non-LIS enrollees ($6,734 for LIS enrollees), which corresponds to TrOOP spending of $4,750. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation illustration based on CMS standard benefit parameter update for Amounts rounded to nearest dollar.

10. Number of Medicare Part D Stand-Alone Prescription Drug Plans, by State, 2013
U.S. Total, 2013= 1,031
23 – 29 plans
30 – 31 plans
32 plans
33 – 38 plans
12 states, DC
18 states
13 states
7 states
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) PDP landscape source file, 2013.

11. Prescription Drug Coverage Among Medicare Beneficiaries in 20129%
Total Medicare Enrollment in 2012 = 50.7 million Total Part D Enrollment (excluding employer subsidy) = 32.7 million
SOURCE: 2012 Medicare Trustees report. NOTE: LIS is low-income subsidy. Total Part D and Medicare enrollment based on 2012 intermediate estimates.

12. Total Medicare Private Health Plan Enrollment, 1999-2012
In millions:
% of Medicare Beneficiaries
18%
17%
15%
14%
13%
16%
19%
22%
23%
24%
25%
27%
NOTE: Includes cost and demonstration plans, and enrollees in Special Needs Plans as well as other Medicare Advantage plans.
SOURCE: MPR/Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CMS Medicare Advantage enrollment files, , and MPR, “Tracking Medicare Health and Prescription Drug Plans Monthly Report,” ; enrollment numbers from March of the respective year, with the exception of 2006, which is from April.

13. Total Medicare Advantage Enrollment, 2012 = 13.1 Million
Distribution of Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Plans, by Plan Type, 2012
Total Medicare Advantage Enrollment, 2012 = 13.1 Million
NOTE: PFFS is Private Fee-for-Service plans, PPOs are preferred provider organizations, and HMOs are Health Maintenance Organizations. Other includes cost and demonstration plans. Includes enrollees in Special Needs Plans as well as other Medicare Advantage plans.
SOURCE: MPR / KFF analysis of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Advantage enrollment files, 2012.

14. Share of Medicare Beneficiaries Enrolled in Medicare Advantage Plans, by State, 2012
National Average, 2012 = 27%
<1%
Less than 10%
10% - 19%
20% - 29%
30% or more
(6 states)
(18 states , DC)
(12 states)
(14 states)
NOTE: Includes cost and demonstration plans, enrollees in Special Needs Plans, as well as other Medicare Advantage plans.
SOURCE: MPR/Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CMS State/County Market Penetration Files, 2012.

15. Eligibles Medicare Medicaid
Dually eligible beneficiaries comprise 20% of the Medicare population and 15% of the Medicaid population, 2008
Dual
Eligibles
9 million
Medicare
37 million
Medicaid
51 million
Total Medicare beneficiaries, 2008:
46 million
Total Medicaid beneficiaries, 2008:
60 million
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey 2008, and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured and Urban Institute estimates based on data from FY2008 MSIS and CMS Form-64.

16. Dual eligible beneficiaries as a share of Medicare and Medicaid population and spending, 2008
Dual Eligibles as a Share of the Medicare Population and Medicare Spending, 2008:
Dual Eligibles as a Share of the Medicaid Population and Medicaid Spending, 2008:
1767, 2561
Total Medicare Population, 2008: 46 Million
Total Medicare
Spending, 2008: $424 Billion
Total Medicaid Population, 2008: 60 Million
Total Medicaid
Spending, 2008: $330 Billion
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the CMS Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Cost and Use File, 2008, and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured and Urban Institute estimates based on data from FY2008 MSIS and CMS Form-64.

17. Sources of Supplemental Coverage Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 2009
No Supplemental Coverage
2569
Total Number of Beneficiaries, 2009: 47.2 Million
NOTE: Numbers do not sum due to rounding.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Medicare Current Beneficiary 2009 Cost and Use file.

18. Median Out-of-Pocket Health Care Spending As a Percent of Income Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1997–2006
Total health care out-of-pocket
Premium out-of-pocket
Nonpremium out-of-pocket
1790
NOTES: Differences between 1997 and 2006 are statistically significant for all displayed measures. Annual amounts for the components of total health care spending do not sum to total amounts because values shown are median, not mean, values.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CMS Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Cost and Use files,

19. Out-of-Pocket Health Care Spending As a Percent of Income Among Medicare Beneficiaries, By Spending Percentile, 1997–2006
90th percentile
75th percentile
1790
50th percentile (median)
NOTES: Differences between 1997 and 2006 are statistically significant for all displayed measures.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of CMS Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Cost and Use files,

20. Part B and Part D Out-of-Pocket Spending as a Share of Average Social Security Benefit, 1970 – 2010
1980
1990
2000
2010
Average Monthly Social Security benefit payment
$604
$772
$906
$1,001
$1,151
Average monthly out-of-pocket spending on Part B and Part D
$39
$53
$111
$136
$299
NOTE: SMI is Supplementary Medical Insurance. Out-of-pocket spending includes SMI (Part B and Part D) premiums and out-of-pocket cost-sharing expenses for SMI covered services.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis based on data from 2012 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds.

21. Distribution of Average Household Spending by Medicare and Non-Medicare Households, 2010
Medicare Household Spending
Non-Medicare Household Spending
Transportation
Transportation
Health
Care 5%
Health Care
Average Household Spending = $30,818
Average Household Spending = $49,641
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey Interview and Expense Files, 2010.

22. Medicare as a Share of the Federal Budget, 2012
Total Federal Spending, FY2012 = $3.5 Trillion
Federal Spending on Medicare, FY 2012 = $551 Billion
NOTE: FY is fiscal year. 1Amount for Medicare excludes offsetting premium receipts (premiums paid by beneficiaries, amount paid to providers and later recovered, and state contribution (clawback) payments to Medicare Part D). 2Other category includes other mandatory outlays, offsetting receipts, and negative outlays for Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).
SOURCE: Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Medicare Baseline, February 2013.

23. Projected Medicare Spending, 2013 – 2023
In billions:
1927
SOURCE: Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Medicare Baseline, February 2013.

24. Medicare as a share of Federal Budget Outlays, and as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
Medicare Spending as a Share
of Federal Budget Outlays
Medicare Spending as a Share
of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
2590/2592
Total Federal Outlays (trillions)
$1.3
$1.8
$3.5
$4.9
Gross Domestic Product (trillions)
$5.7
$9.8
$14.5
$22.7
SOURCE: CBO Budget and Economic Outlook, January 2011 (for data) and February 2013 (for 2020 data).

25. Medicare Benefit Payments By Type of Service, 2012
Part A
Part B
Part A and B
Part C
Part D
Skilled Nursing
Facility
2584
Hospital Outpatient Services
Home Health
Total Benefit Payments = $536 billion
NOTE: Excludes administrative expenses and is net of recoveries. *Includes hospice, durable medical equipment, Part B drugs, outpatient dialysis, ambulance, lab services, and other services.
SOURCE: Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Medicare Baseline, February 2013.

26. Expenditures in Billions
Medicare’s Share of National Personal Health Expenditures, by Type of Service, 2012
1795
Expenditures in Billions
Medicare
$591
$34
$250
$69
$131
$38
Total
$2809
$78
$885
$277
$550
$155
NOTE: Total also includes dental care, durable medical equipment, other professional services, and other personal health care/products.
SOURCE: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, 2011 National Health Expenditure. Projections

27. Total Number of Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries:
Distribution of Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries and Medicare Spending, 2009
Average per capita Traditional Medicare spending: $9,702
Average per capita Traditional Medicare spending among top 10%: $55,763
Average per capita Traditional Medicare spending among bottom 90%: $4,584
1800, 2585, 2951
Total Number of Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries:
35.4 million
Total Traditional
Medicare Spending:
$343 billion
NOTES: Excludes Medicare Advantage enrollees. Includes noninstitutionalized and institutionalized beneficiaries.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the CMS Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Cost and Use File, 2009.

28. Private Health Insurance
Annual Change in Medicare and Private Health Insurance Spending,
Annual Percent Change
Medicare
Private Health Insurance
1804
SOURCE: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics Group, 2011.

29. Estimated Sources of Medicare Revenue, 2012
1807
$532.7 billion
$238.6 billion
$230.9 billion
$63.2 billion
SOURCE: 2012 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds.

30. Historical and Projected Average Annual Growth Rate in Medicare Spending Per Capita and Other Measures
Actual ( )
Projected ( )
2594, 2956
Medicare spending per capita
Private health insurance spending per capita
GDP per capita
CPI
Medicare spending per capita*
NOTE: *Assumes no reduction in physician fees under Medicare between 2012 and 2021.
SOURCES: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of data from Boards of Trustees, Congressional Budget Office, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, U.S. Census Bureau.

31. Medicare Part A Trust Fund Balance at Year End, 2011-2024
In billions:
SOURCE: 2012 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds.

32. Solvency Projections of the Medicare Part A Trust Fund, 1970-2011
Projected Number of Years to Insolvency and Projected Year of Insolvency:
Year of
Trustees’
Report
1812
NOTES: ‘Insolvency’ refers to the depletion of the trust fund. No insolvency projections were made for and For all other years not displayed, the Hospital Insurance Trust Fund was projected to remain solvent for 17 or fewer years.
SOURCE: Intermediate projections from Annual Reports of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds.