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Chapter 8 Recognize Confucius ideals and viewpoint as a philosopher
Understand why the Chinese society looked to Confucianism Identify what THREE early Chinese dynasties achieved between periods of disorder Illustrate the land conquered by the Mongols Understand the change in religion and its role in the Chinese government Explain and recognize the achievements of the Golden Age in China Understand China’s influence on Japan and early Japanese problems List Japan’s main reason for its problems in development Describe the religions that influenced India Identify what reflected the rich Indian culture
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China Reunified Chapter 8 Section 1
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Confucianism Chinese philosophers concern Confucius
About the material world and creating a stable society Confucius Known as the First Teacher Upset with the violence and moral decay of his era Tried to convince political leaders all around China to follow his ideas Analects: collection of sayings and teachings of Confucius 20th century his teaching became an important part of Chinese culture Description of Time Era Constant war, and mass execution of men, women, and children by beheading China had to restore order Confucianism is what became accepted Ideas/View points His interest in philosophy was political and ethical, not spiritual Spiritual questions: There was no point Better to assume that there was order in the universe View Point: If you acted in harmony with the universe, their own affairs would prosper
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Confucianism Important factor: Importance of family Duty
Duty meant put their own interests second to the needs of family and the community Everyone should be governed by the Five Constant Relationship P.91: find the Five Constant Relationships Importance of family “The duty of children to their parents is the foundation from which all virtues spring.” Fulfill you duties, and the whole society would prosper
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Main Idea Confucianism
Chinese philosophers emphasized stability and order in society
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Three Dynasties Downfall Sui Dynasty (581-618) Sui Dynasty (581-618)
Prior to Sui Dynasty Han Dynasty set all standards for the dynasties to follow Civil war created disorder throughout China Sui Yangdi Second emperor of the dynasty Completed the Grand Canal Linked two great rivers Yellow River and Yangtze River Linked the north to the south Made it easier for the transportation of goods (rice) Downfall Sui Yangdi was a cruel leader Used forced labor to create Grand Canal High taxes Extravagant and luxurious lifestyle – compared to his peasants Military failures Murdered Strangled in a coupe led by his own General Considered a tyrant Dynasty came to an end Caused for a rebellion
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Three Dynasties Rulers Civil Service Examination
Tang Dynasty ( ) Tang Dynasty ( ) Rulers Instituted reforms Create a more stable economy Gave land to peasants Broke up power of large land estates Restored civil service examination Best way to recruit officials for the civilian bureaucracy Civil Service Examination Tested the student’s grasp of Confucian principles Men were tested on Confucian classics During their studies Men could never use their hands expect for painting and writing Forbidden from any strenuous activities Pass rate One in five students would pass That one would receive a position in the civil service Government Job Reforms
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Remembered for his devotion to
Three Dynasties Tang Dynasty ( ) Tang Dynasty ( ) Accomplishments Expanded empire Expanded to Tibet Area north of the Himalaya Mountains Brought peace to NW China Proclaimed greatest power in East Asia Tribute was paid by Korea and other neighboring states GUNPOWDER Imperial Court set up diplomatic relations and trade with states of Southwest Asia Downfall Unable to avoid government corruption Tang Xuanzand (SHWAHN-DZAHNG) Fascinated by a commoner’s daughter Would pledge his love every August 7 at a fest ival called Festival of the Cowherd and Weaver MAid Spoiled her with goods and wealth from all over Neglected his duties which upset too many people General led a bloody revolt Took the life of the daughter because of the someone had to be held accountable for the war and strife of the country Rebellions become more common Hired Uighurs Turkish-speaking people to fight Did not work Remembered for his devotion to a commoner’s daughter
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Three Dynasties Song Dynasty (960 – 1279) Time of existence Problems
Had economic prosperity Vast cultural achievements Problems Northern neighbors Solution for problems Moved the imperial court further south to Hangzhou (HAHNG-JOH) Eventually lost control of Tibet Challenges from the North Mongols constantly carried out attacks and created war Within 70 years, they controlled all of China
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Main Idea Three Dynasties
The Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties restored peace to China in between periods of chaos and disorder
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Government and Economy
Early Government Systems Economies System of Principles Created during the Qin and Han dynasties Monarchs Powerful during the Han era Had Confucian ideals that cemented their rules Growth Occurred during the Sui and Song dynasties Agriculture, manufacturing and trade flourished Song Dynasties Weaken the large estate aristocratic families Gave land to peasants instead of making them slaves or serfs Caused for abundant amount of food for China
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Government and Economy
Economies Trade Wealthiest city in the world Tang Dynasty Technology developments Making of steel Made swords and sickles Introduction of cotton Make fabrics and textile Gunpowder Made explosives and primitive flamethrower Could shoot projectiles 40 yards Tang Dynasty Revived trade amongst the Southwest Asia (Arab) Silk Road Renewed and thriving Caravans carried goods from China to Southwest Asia Trade with Japan and Korea increased Changan Population over 2 million became the wealthiest city in the world Imports Exports Exotic woods Precious stones Various tropical goods Tea Silk Porcelain
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Main Idea Government and Economy
For 700 years, the Chinese economy grew in size and sophistication
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Chinese Society Hangzhou (HAHNG-JOH) Rich Chinese people
Wealthy Cities & People People of China Hangzhou (HAHNG-JOH) Song capital Described by Marco Polo as a paradise Rich Chinese people Had many perks and pleasures Better means of entertainment Horseback rider, and paddle boats News forms of written communication (block printing) Lived in rural areas Rarely ever left their villages Left only to go to near by markets Problems between large owners and peasants are now forming Scholar-Gentry A class of land owners who replaced the old landed aristocracy Was the elite of the Chinese society
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Chinese Society Women & Children Few had power in society Children
Exception Wu Zhao (WOO JOO) Known as: Empress WU Ruled for half the century for the Tang dynasty Children Male babies more desirable than female babies Time of famine Girl babies would be killed due to lack of food Women who married became apart of the male family Woman’s family would give a dowry to her husband Poor families would sell their daughters to wealthy villagers Children
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Main Idea Chinese Society
The political stability established by the three dynasties allowed Chinese society to grow in complexity
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