1. Maps and Mapping Never have so many poor maps been made so quickly
Types of maps
Data types and measurement
Symbolization
Classification
Map scale
Map layout

2. Maps
A representation of the earth surface on a flat medium at certain scale
A model of spatial patterns of features
Selective
Classified
Generalized: point, line, areas
Graphically customized

3. Types of Maps General purpose maps Thematic maps Where? Topography
What
A theme

4. General Purpose Maps

5. Thematic Maps

6. Thematic Maps

7. Map Elements A Map Title: what, where, when Scale Orientation Legend
Others

8. Symbolization
Symbols
Point
Lines
Areas

9. Symbolization Qualitative difference Quantitative difference
Different things
Landuse, residential, commential
Highways, Railways
Quantitative difference
Essentially same thing, but different in degree
Population density
Temperature
Crime rate
Population

10. Qualitative Differences
Different shapes
Different patterns
Different colors

11. Quantitative Difference
Size of symbol
Value of color

12. Symbolization Points Lines Areas Qualitative Quantitative
Shape Color (Hue) Pattern Size Value
Points
Lines
Areas

13. Choropleth Map

14. Area Map

15. Isopleth Map

16. Bad Choice of Colors

17. Map Scale Representation Representation fraction (RF): 1:2,500
Graphic scale
Verbal scale: one cm on the map represents 25 meters on the ground

18. Large scale vs. small scale
25, , ,000
Smaller

19. Orientation: North Arrow
North arrow appropriate

20. Orientation
North arrow not appropriate

21. Grid

22. Classification Equal Interval Natural breaks Quartiles
The range of possible values is divided into equal-sized intervals
Natural breaks
Finding the biggest gap
Quartiles
Same number of observations in a class
Standard deviations
Mean and standard deviation
Equal area

23. Natural Break
Percentages of Asian Pacific Islanders, 1999

24. Equal Interval

25. Quantile