1. Receivables
Chapter 9
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2. Learning Objective 1
Describe the common classes of receivables.

3. Classification of Receivables
The receivables that result from sales on account are normally accounts receivable or notes receivables.
Receivables includes all money claims against other entities, including people, companies, and other organization.

4. Classification of Receivables
LO 1
Classification of Receivables
Accounts receivable are normally expected to be collected within a relatively short period, such as 30 or 60 days.
the most common transaction creating a receivable is selling goods or services on account (on credit).
Notes receivable are amounts that customers owe for which a formal, written instrument of credit has been issued. *often used for credit periods of more than 60 days.
Some times called trade receivables If accounts and notes receivables are resulted from sales transactions.

5. Receivables from officers or employees
Classification of Receivables
Other receivables expected to be collected within one year are classified (separately) as current assets. If collection is expected beyond one year, these receivables are classified as non-current assets and reported under the caption Investments. Examples of other receivables include:
Interest receivable
Taxes receivable
Receivables from officers or employees

6. Learning Objective 2
Describe the common classes of receivables.
Describe the accounting for uncollectible receivables.

7. Uncollectible Receivables
LO 2
Uncollectible Receivables
Companies often sell their receivables to other companies. This is called factoring the receivables, and the buyer of the receivables is called a factor.
Regardless of how careful a company is in granting credit, some credit sales will be uncollectible. The operating expense recorded from uncollectible receivables is called bad debt expense, uncollectible accounts expense, or doubtful accounts expense.
Advantages: immediately receives cash & some of the risk of uncollectable accounts is shifted to the factor

8. The receivable is past due.
LO 2
Uncollectible Receivables
Some indications that an account may be uncollectible include the following:
The receivable is past due.
The customer does not respond to the company’s attempts to collect.
The customer files for bankruptcy.
The customer closes its business.
The company cannot locate the customer.

9. Uncollectible Receivables
LO 2
Uncollectible Receivables
The direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectible receivables records bad debt expense only when an account is determined to be worthless.
The allowance method records bad debt expense by estimating uncollectible accounts at the end of the accounting period.

10. Learning Objective 3
Describe the common classes of receivables.
Describe the accounting for uncollectible receivables.
Describe the direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectible receivables.

11. Direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectible receivables
Under this method, Bad Debt Expense is not recorded until the customer’s account is determined to be worthless. At that time, the customer’s account receivable is written off.

12. Direct Write-Off Method
LO 3
Direct Write-Off Method
On May 10, a $4,200 account receivable from D. L. Ross has been determined to be uncollectible.
The account written off on May 10 is later collected on November 21.
Reinstatement
entry
Receipt of
cash entry

13. Learning Objective 4
Describe the common classes of receivables.
Describe the accounting for uncollectible receivables.
Describe the direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectible receivables.
Describe the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible receivables.

14. LO 4
The Allowance Method
The allowance method estimates the uncollectable accounts receivable at the end of the accounting period.
On December 31, ExTone Company estimates that a total of $30,000 of the $200,000 balance of their accounts receivable will eventually be uncollectible.
The specific customer accounts cannot be decreased, so a contra account, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, is credited.

15. LO 4
The Allowance Method
The net amount that is expected to be collected, $170,000 ($200,000 – $30,000), is called the net realizable value (NRV) of the receivables. The adjusting entry reduces receivables to the NRV, and matches uncollectible/bad debt expenses (30,000) with revenues in the Income statement.
Accounts Receivable still has a debit balance of $200,000 at that time.

16. LO 4
The Allowance Method
On January 21, John Parker’s account of $6,000 is written off because it is uncollectible.
Note that the allowance account credited earlier is debited at the write-off, not Bad Debt Expense.

17. LO 4
The Allowance Method
During 2012, ExTone Company writes off $26,750 of uncollectible accounts, including the $6,000 account of John Parker. After posting all entries to write off uncollectible amounts, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts will have a credit balance of $3,250 ($30,000 – $26,750).

18. LO 4
The Allowance Method
If ExTone Company had written off $32,100 in accounts receivable during 2012, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts would have a debit balance of $2,100.

19. LO 4
The Allowance Method
Nancy Smith’s account of $5,000, which was written off on April 2, is later collected on June 10.
(Two entries are needed: one to reinstate Nancy Smith’s account and a second to record receipt of the cash)
Reinstatement
entry
Receipt of
cash entry

20. Estimating Uncollectibles
LO 4
Estimating Uncollectibles
The allowance method requires an estimate of uncollectible accounts at the end of the period. Two methods are used to estimate the amount debited to Bad Debt Expense.
Percent of sales method :Since accounts receivable are created by credit sales, uncollectable accounts can be estimated as a percent of credit sales.
Analysis of receivable method

21. Percent of Sales Method
LO 4
Percent of Sales Method
If ExTone Company’s credit sales for the period are $3,000,000 and it is estimated that 3/4% will be uncollectible, Bad Debt Expense is debited for $22,500 ($3,000,000 x .0075). This approach disregards the balance of $3,250 (Cr.) in the allowance account before the adjustment (balance of allowance for Doubtful accounts) .

22. Percent of Sales Method
LO 4
Percent of Sales Method
After the following adjusting entry on December 31 is posted, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts will have a balance of $25,750 ($3,250 + $22,500).

23. PE 9-3A
At the end of the current year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $325,000; Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $3,900; and net sales for the year total $4,500,000. Bad debt expense is estimated at ½ of 1% of net sales.
Determine (a) the amount of the adjusting entry for uncollectable accounts;
(b) the adjusted balances of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful account, and Bad Debt Expense;
(c) The net realizable value of accounts receivable.

24. PE 9-3B
At the end of the current year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $2,500,000; Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a debit balance of $9,000; and net sales for the year total $32,000,000. Bad debt expense is estimated at ¼ of 1% of net sales.
Determine (a) the amount of the adjusting entry for uncollectable accounts;
(b) the adjusted balances of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful account, and Bad Debt Expense;
(c) The net realizable value of accounts receivable.

25. Analysis of Receivables Method
LO 4
Analysis of Receivables Method
The longer an account receivable is outstanding, the less likely it is that it will be collected. Basing the estimate of uncollectible accounts on how long specific amounts have been outstanding is called aging the receivables.

26. Analysis of Receivables Method
LO 4
Analysis of Receivables Method
ExTone Company has an unadjusted credit balance of $3,250 in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. In Exhibit 1, the estimated uncollectible accounts totaled $26,490. The amount to be added to the allowance account is $23,240 ($26,490 – $3,250). The adjusting entry is as follows:

27. Analysis of Receivables Method
LO 4
Analysis of Receivables Method
After the preceding adjusting entry is posted to the ledger, ExTone Company’s Allowance for Doubtful Accounts will have an adjusted balance of $26,490. This is the amount that was determined by aging the accounts.
Same amount as the estimated amount determined by the aging process.

28. Learning Objective 5
Describe the common classes of receivables.
Describe the accounting for uncollectible receivables.
Describe the direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectible receivables.
Describe the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible receivables.
Compare the direct write-off and allowance methods of accounting for uncollectible accounts.

29. LO 5
Comparing Methods
The primary differences between the direct write-off and allowance methods are summarized below.

30. Learning Objective 6
Describe the accounting for notes receivable.

31. Characteristics of Notes Receivable
LO 6
Characteristics of Notes Receivable
A note receivable, or promissory note, is a written document containing a promise to pay. Characteristics of a promissory note are as follows:
The maker is the party making the promise to pay.
The payee is the party to whom the note is payable.
The face amount is the amount the note is written for on its face.
(continued)

32. The issuance date is the date a note is issued.
LO 6
Characteristics of Notes Receivable
The issuance date is the date a note is issued.
The due date or maturity date is the date the note is to be paid.
The term of a note is the amount of time between the issuance and due dates.
The interest rate is the rate of interest that must be paid on the face amount for the term of the note.

33. LO 6
Notes Receivable
The maturity value is the amount that must be paid at the due date of the note, which is the sum of the face amount and the interest.

36. Due Date of a 90-day Note (issued 16 March)
LO 6
Due Date of a 90-day Note (issued 16 March)
Total days in note 90 days
Number of days in March 31
Issue date of note, March 16 (16)
Remaining days in March days 15
Number of days in April 30
Number of days in May days 31
Residual days in June (14) days
Answer: June 14

37. Accounting for Notes Receivable
LO 6
Accounting for Notes Receivable
Received a $6,000, 12%, 30-day note dated November 21, 2012, in settlement of the account of W. A. Bunn Company.

38. Accounting for Notes Receivable
LO 6
Accounting for Notes Receivable
On December 21, when the note matures, the firm receives $6,060 from W. A. Bunn Company ($6,000 face amount plus $60 interest).
Interest= Face Amount x Interest Rate x (term/ 360 days)

39. Accounting for Notes Receivable
LO 6
Accounting for Notes Receivable
If W. A. Bunn Company fails to pay the note on the due date, it is considered a dishonored note receivable. The note and interest are transferred back to the customer’s account receivable.

40. Accounting for Notes Receivable
LO 6
Accounting for Notes Receivable
A 90-day, 12% note dated December 1, 2012, is received from Crawford Company to settle its account, which has a balance of $4,000.

41. Accounting for Notes Receivable
LO 6
Accounting for Notes Receivable
Assuming that the accounting period ends on December 31, an adjusting entry is required to record the accrued interest of $40 ($4,000 x 0.12 x 30/360).

42. Accounting for Notes Receivable
LO 6
Accounting for Notes Receivable
On March 1, 2013, $4,120 is received for the note ($4,000) and interest ($120).

43. Learning Objective 7
Describe the accounting for notes receivable.
Describe the reporting of receivables on the balance sheet.

44. Reporting Receivables on the Balance Sheet
LO 7
Reporting Receivables on the Balance Sheet

45. Receivables
The End