1. Divisions Of Forensic Science And Their Functions

2. Introduction.
The investigator collects all the available evidence during the process of investigation’
Direct evidence is collected from the Victim, witness ,informants ,suspects &other persons connected directly &indirectly with the crime.
The investigating officer collects objective evidence from the scene of crime , victim, suspect & other sources in order to establish linkage on basis of systematic scientific examination.
The scientific persons who examine such evidence are called Forensic scientist.
The physical evidence present in all the crimes when properly located , located ,lifted evaluated scientifically will have great potential in linking the crime with the criminal.

3. CHEMISTRY DIVISION
Facilities for carrying out the chemical analysis of viscera, NDPS(Narcotic drugs and Psychotropic substances), remnants of accelerants in arson cases, etc. with help of sophisticate instruments like LCMS, HPLC, HPTLC, GC, UV & IR Spectro-photometers exist in this division.

4. Examination of opium / crude opium, morphine / opium alkaloids.
Examination of Heroin samples.
Examination of Cannabis samples.
Examination of Cocaine samples.
Examination of Methaqualone samples,
Examination of Amphetamine samples.
Examination of Barbiturate derivatives Examination of Benzodiazepine derivatives.
Examination of Peyote cactus ( Mescal buttons)/Mescaline
Examination of Psilocybe Mushrooms/Psilocybin.
Examination of Lysregide (LSD).

5. Determination of alcoholic contents (ethylalcohal) in liquor samples.
Detection of inflammable material and their residues in arson case.
Detection of dyes used in trap cases.
Identification of various fuels such as petrol, diesel, kerosene oil.
Examination of corrosive chemicals in acid throwing cases.
Reconstruction and evaluation of arson sites.

6. Toxicology & Narcotic unit
Identification of volatile inorganic poisons such as Hydrogen Cyanide, Phosphine, Arsine, Yellow phosphorus, Carbonyl chloride, Sulphonyl chloride.
 Identification of volatile organic poisons such as Chloroform, Benzene, Formalin, Methanol, Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Phenol, Naphthalene, Nicotine, Toluene,Terpentine oil, Paraffin, Halogenated aliphatic compounds, Chloral hydrate, Mineral oils, Pyridine, Aniline, Ethylene dibromide, Carbon tetrachloride and Petrol.
Identification of non-volatile inorganic anions such as Nitrate, Perchlorate, Chlorate, Fluoride, Selenide, Chloride, Dichromate, Bromide, Phosphate, Manganate, Sulphate, Styphnate, Azide, Chlorite, Nitrite and Arsenate.

7. Identification of non-volatile inorganic cations such as , Cd, Hg, Th, Ba, Pb, MN, Bi Cu, Al, Zn, Fe+2 and Fe+3. 
Identification of non-volatile organic neutral compounds such as Chlorinated pesticides, Organophosphorus insecticides, Carbamates, Synthetic pyrethroids, Fungicides, Herbicides, Plant hormones.
Identification of organic acidic drugs such as Barbiturates, Glutethimide, Hydantoin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Salicylates.
Identification of basic drugs such as Benzodiazepines, Alkaloids (Synthetic or of plant origin), Tranquilizers and Phenothiazenes.
Identification of miscellaneous poisons such as Mineral acids, Alkalis, Organic acids, Organic insoluble like Antibiotics, Sulphonamides, Toxins of poisonous plants, animals and insects

8. BALLISTIC DIVISION
This division provides facilities for the examination of a variety of firearms and cartridges to ascertain their make, model, working condition, caliber and to establish a possible link to the firearm and crime, explosive cases and re-construction of scene of crime in important cases in order to help the investigating agencies.  Image processing and Pattern recognition unit is going to be started in the near future.

9. Barrel Wash Examination
Examination of Firearm(s) or part(s) thereof/manufacturing tool(s)
Examination of serviceability/working condition of firearms
Examination of firearms, prone to accidental discharge
Identification of firearm for type, make and model
Examination of firearm, whether its part(s) tempered with
Examination of ammunition or parts thereof/manufacturing tools

10. Identification of ammunition/parts thereof for type, make and caliber
Identification of bullet/slug/parts thereof
Identification of shots and pellets
Identification of wad/wad pieces
Identification of propellant charge
Linkage of fired/misfired cartridge with firearm
Linkage of fired bullet/bullet fragments with unrifled firearm
Bullet/pellets/wads whether fired or not
Examination of target(s) involved in shooting
Chemical tests for ammunition and firearm discharge residue
Test firing
Test specimen

11. PHYSICS DIVISION
This division provides facilities for the analysis of building materials such as Cement, Sand Mortar, Plaster, concrete, Bricks, etc. Examination of paint in hit and run cases,roadaccidents, identification of wires in theft cases, fibers, clothes, ropes, metals and quantitation, purity percentage of metals involved in criminal cases is also undertaken with the help of sophisticated instruments like Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers.  Physics Division (A-V) is undertaking the examination of cases related to Audio, Video tape authentication and Speaker identification.

12. Examination of foot/footwear/tyre marks
Examination of tool marks
Examination of paint
Examination of identification marks
Examination of glass fragments
Examination of soil samples
Examination of cement samples
Restoration of erased numbers on vehicles/firearm e.g. chassis number, engine number, registration number, identification numbers.
Examination of mortar

13. Examination of concrete
Examination of fiber, fabric 
Examination of broken objects
Examination of electrical cables/wires
Examination of electric appliance, electric meter
Examination of spurious product for infringement 
Examination of papers
Examination of voice for speaker identification
Examination of analog/digital images
Examination of audio and video recording media for authentication

14. Photo Division
Preparation of photograph of Exhibits received in the laboratory
Photography of scene of crime
Examination of photographs as exhibit

15. BIOLOGY DIVISION
The examination of biological fluids, skeletal remnants, diatoms, hair, seeds, maggots, vegetable fibers, wood etc. are undertaken by this division. Besides, it also helps out the investigating agencies in crime cases involving rapes and murders on the spot. Further serological examinations such as grouping of blood/semen/saliva and DNA typing in criminal and paternity dispute cases forwarded by Delhi Police as well as from Hon’ble Courts is carried out in this division. The examination of exhibits in the Biological Sciences Division is broadly categorized as under:

16. Examination of blood stains
Examination of seminal and vaginal stains
Examination of salivary stains
Examination of hair
Determination of origin of species
Grouping of blood/other body fluids
DNA UNIT
Extraction, amplification and fragment analysis of DNA for personal identification and paternity testing

17. DOCUMENTS DIVISION
This division undertakes examination of various types of questioned document problems in all forensic aspects such as identification of handwriting, type- writing, printed matter, seal and stamp impressions, etc. It also carries out the detection and decipherment of erasures, alterations, over-writings, addition, obliterations, determination of sequence of strokes, age of documents, etc. The documents examined are in the form of Bank Draft, Cheques, Receipt, Will, Affidavit, Bail Bond, Lottery Tickets, Anonymous/ransom letters, Answer Sheets of different examinations, Suicide note, Agreement, Passport, Currency note, Skin tattoo marks, etc. Further faculties for examination of computer crime cases is also carried out in this division.

18. Handwriting/ Signatures Identification,  Detection of forgery 
Examination of alteration in documents i.e. addition, substitution, obliteration, interpolation, overwriting, erasures etc. and their decipherment
Examination of typewriting, printed matter, computer printouts, Xerox copies, identification  
Examination of lottery ticket 
Examination of counterfeit currency
Comparison of paper including stamp paper/ stamps & other security/ legal papers

19. Determination of age of document  
Examination of stamp impressions and seal comparison
Examination of sequence of strokes
Examination of credit card, travel documents
Examination of indented writings
Examination of charred documents
Examination of carbon paper, ribbon, stencil.
Examination of ink
Examination of tricky/built up documents
Examination of partially visible /invisible strokes on documents

20. COMPUTER FORENSICS UNIT
CFU is undertaking Imaging of various storage devices, Retrieval of Data/Deleted Data from storage devices like Hard Disc, Pen Drive, Memory Card, CD/DVD etc., Extraction of Data, Deleted Data from Mobile Phones and SIM Cards.

21. Forensic imaging of various storage media
To retrieve data / deleted data from various storage media(Hard Disk, Pen Drive, Memory Card, CD / DVD) and many other storage media.
To extract data from mobile phones and SIM cards.

22. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Forensic Psychology is the interface between psychology and law. It is the application of psychological principles and knowledge to various legal activities involving crimes listed under the Indian Penal Code. Currently the Forensic Psychology Division, Delhi, FSL undertakes polygraph examination, that is based on the principle of psychosomatic interaction within an individual who is under investigation of various criminal and felony charges like Rape, Murder, Economic Offences, Cyber Crimes etc. Facilities for verifying the veracity of statements of suspects, complainants and witnesses exist in this division.The division is under expansion stages with other Detection Deception Techniques like Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature (BEOS) also under procurement.