1. Phylum Onychophora The Velvet Worms

2. Characteristics of the Phylum Onychopora

3. Characteristics of the Phylum Onychopora
Bilaterally symmetrical with a through gut.

4. Characteristics of the Phylum Onychopora
Bilaterally symmetrical with a through gut.
Body with pairs of un-jointed fleshy legs.

5. Characteristics of the Phylum Onychopora
Bilaterally symmetrical with a through gut.
Body with pairs of un-jointed fleshy legs.
Well developed hemocoelic body cavity with a open circulatory system.

6. Characteristics of the Phylum Onychopora
Bilaterally symmetrical with a through gut.
Body with pairs of un-jointed fleshy legs.
Well developed hemocoelic body cavity with a open circulatory system.
Cuticle covered epidermis, with ecdysone mediated molting (ecdysis).

7. Characteristics of the Phylum Onychopora
Bilaterally symmetrical with a through gut.
Body with pairs of un-jointed fleshy legs.
Well developed hemocoelic body cavity with a open circulatory system.
Cuticle covered epidermis, with ecdysone mediated molting (ecdysis).
Gaseous-exchange organs simple tubular tracheae issuing in tufts from small spiracles.

8. Anatomy

9. Legs with claws

11. Anatomy

13. Anatomy
Oral Papilla
Lips and Jaws

14. Well Developed Eyes

15. Circulation and Gas Exchange
Circulatory system is an open and very similar to the arthropod hemocoel circulatory system.
Gas exchange is by tracheae.

16. Reproduction Accept for one species all dioecious.
Males deposit spermatophor around or on the female. (ovoviviparous and viviparous)

17. Viviparous species have a “placenta” like structure.

19. About 110 species all terrestrial

20. However their fossils have been found in the Middle Cambrian marine faunas.

22. Hallucigenia sparsa an Onychophoran from the Burgess Shale deposits of Canada

23. Aysheaia, from the Middle Cambirian

24. Ancient Earth's Anomalous Overlords

25. Phylum Tardigrada the Water Bears

27. Characteristics of the Phylum Tardigrada

28. Characteristics of the Phylum Tardigrada
Bilaterally symmetrical; minute, squat mm.

29. Characteristics of the Phylum Tardigrada
Bilaterally symmetrical; minute, squat mm.
A through straight gut.

30. Characteristics of the Phylum Tardigrada
Bilaterally symmetrical; minute, squat mm.
A through straight gut.
Body monomeric although with four pairs of short un-jointed claw-bearing legs.

31. Characteristics of the Phylum Tardigrada
Bilaterally symmetrical; minute, squat mm.
A through straight gut.
Body monomeric although with four pairs of short un-jointed claw-bearing legs.
Coelom has been thought to be a pseudocoelom however, more recently they think it is a reduces hemocoel.

32. Characteristics of the Phylum Tardigrada
Bilaterally symmetrical; minute, squat mm.
A through straight gut.
Body monomeric although with four pairs of short un-jointed claw-bearing legs.
Coelom has been thought to be a pseudocoelom however, more recently they think it is a reduces hemocoel.
Ecdysone mediated molting like arthropods.

33. Anatomy

34. Well Developed Stylet For Feeding

39. Reproduction
Sexual and parthenogenesis are the reproductive modes exhibited in the Tardigrada.

40. Reproduction Most lay Ornamental eggs.

41. Reproduction

42. Reproduction

43. Biology
Scientists have reported tardigrades in hot springs, on top of the Himalayas, under layers of solid ice, and in ocean sediments.
Many species can be found in milder environments such as lakes, ponds, and meadows, while others can be found in stone walls and roofs.

44. Most tardigrades live in the water/air interface.

46. Biology
Tardigrades are one of the few groups of species that are capable of reversibly suspending their metabolism and going into a state of cryptobiosis.
Several species regularly survive in a dehydrated state for nearly 10 years. Depending on the environment, they may enter this state via anhydrobiosis, cryobiosis, or other ways.
Their metabolism lowers to less than 0.01% of normal and their water content can drop to 1% of normal. Their ability to remain desiccated for such a long period is largely dependent on the high levels of sugar which protects their membranes.

47. Tardigrades Produce Tuns

48. Tardigrade Tun

50. Some Tardigrades such as Halobiotus crispae also demonstrate cyclomorphosis, or seasonal transformations, molting into a thickly armored but still mobile winter form which may survive complete freezing for six months at a time. This species is a sea-dweller, but its spring form can tolerate fresh water produced as ice begins to melt.

51. Other tardigrades are even parasitic
Other tardigrades are even parasitic. The species Tetrakentron synaptae is fully adapted to the outer body of the sea cucumber Leptosynapta galliennei, draining fluids from its epidermal cells. Females of this species (A) are flattened, tick-like and virtually immobile, their mouth situated beneath their domed bodies and their anus farther up their "back." Males, unusually, have been observed in two forms; slender, more mobile males (B) and nearly immobile "dwarf" males (C) who cluster around females.