1. Diamon Lester and Lamar Bradford
Hydroelectric Energy
Picture with soft edges and clear frame
(Basic)
To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture.
In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture and then click Insert.
Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 5.25” and the width is set to 7”.
To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the Crop pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes.
To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes.
Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects, point to Soft Edges, and then click 25 Point.
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rounded Rectangle (second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rounded rectangle.
Drag the yellow diamond adjustment handle slightly to the left to reduce the rounding on the corners of the rectangle.
Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 5.5”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 7.25”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets, click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).
Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press and hold SHIFT and select both the rectangle and the picture. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 33%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 50%.
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 228, Green: 233, Blue: 236.
Select the third stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 134, Green: 154, Blue: 153.
Diamon Lester and Lamar Bradford

2. Definition
Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity
It is a renewable energy source
Hydropower is the largest contributor of all renewable energy sources and accounts for 6.7% of worldwide electricity production

3. Three types of hydro plants
Impoundment facilities
most common technology
uses a dam to create a large reservoir of water
electricity is made when water passes through turbines in the dam.
Pumped storage facilities
have a second reservoir below the dam
water can be pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir which stores energy
Run-of-river facilities
rely more on natural water flow rates
diverts a portion of river water through turbines, sometimes without the use of a dam or reservoirs
run-of-river hydro is subject to natural water variability (supply), so it is less stable than dammed water

4. How does this technology work?
A hydro plant consists of a reservoir, a dam, transformer, powerhouse, power lines, control gate, penstock, and a turbine
The blades of a turbine use the potential kinetic energy from the water and convert it into a rotation. The mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy

6. Hydropower is the most important and widely-used renewable source of energy.
Hydropower represents about 16% of total electricity production.
China is the largest producer of hydroelectricity, followed by Canada, Brazil, and the United States 

7. Apparent Costs Social Environmental abundant, low cost source of power
high upfront building costs
dammed reservoirs can also help with flood control, be a reliable water supply, and may be used for recreational purposes
flexible and reliable source of electricity compared to other renewable options
may be stored for use at a later time.

8. Hidden Costs Social Environmental flooding upstream landscapes
displacing local communities
not completely free of greenhouse gas emissions
carbon dioxide emissions occur during construction (cement use)
loss of vegetation in flooded areas creates methane
CO2 is created with the build up of decaying organisms
Investment costs are high
flooding upstream landscapes
disrupting habitats for wildlife
blocking fish passages
disrupt landscapes and claiming the lives of those living downstream