1. The Time Value of Money
Chapter 5

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.  Explain the mechanics of compounding when invested.
2.  Present value and future value.
3.  Ordinary annuity and its future value.
4.  An ordinary annuity and an annuity due.
5.  Non-annual future or present value of a sum .
6. Determine the present value of a perpetuity.

3. Power of time of value of money
History of Interest Rates
$1000 ( )400 = ?

4. Power of time value of money
Money Angles: by Andrew Tobias.
1. Chessboard with the King
2. Manhattan

5. Terms Compound Interest Future value and Present Value Annuities
Annuities Due
Amortized Loans
Compound Interest with Non-annual Periods
Present Value of an Uneven Stream·
Perpetuities

6. COMPOUND INTEREST FV1=PV (1+i) (5-1)
Where FV1=the future value of the investment at the end of one year
i=the annual interest (or discount) rate
PV=the present value, or original amount invested at the beginning of the first year

7. Future value
1. Simple compounding
2. Complex compounding

9. Future value

10. FV1=PV (1+i)
=$100(1+0.06)
=$100(1.06)
=$106

11. Compound twice a year

12. Compound four times a year

13. Compound 12 times a year

14. Compound 360 times a year

15. Continuous compounding

16. Illustration of Compound Interest Calculations
Year Beginning Value Interest Earned Ending Value
$ $ $106.00

20. Future value and future value interest factor

21. FVn=PV(FVIFi,n)

22. FVIFi,n or the Compound Sum of $1
Table 5-2
FVIFi,n or the Compound Sum of $1
N % % % % % % % % % %

23. PV=$300, Vn=$774; i=9 % N= ？

24. PV=$100; FVn=$179.10; n=10 years. I= ?

25. PRESENT VALUE

26. FV10=$500, n=10, i=6 % PV = ?

27. (PVIF i, n) (PVIF i, n) = 1/(1+i)
present-value interest factor for I and n (PVIF i, n),
(PVIF i, n) = 1/(1+i)

28. Present value FV10 =$1,500 N= 10 years discount rate= 8 %
PV=$1500(0.463)
=$694.50

29. PVIFi,n or the Present Value of $1
Table 5-3
PVIFi,n or the Present Value of $1
N % % % % % % % % % %

30. ANNUITIES Annuity: equal annual cash flows.
Ordinary annuity: at the end of each period.
Annuity due: at the beginning of each eriod.

31. Table 5-4
Illustration of a Five-Year $500 Annuity Compounded at 6 percent
YEAR
 DOLLAR DEPOSITS AT END OF YEAR
$500.00
530.00
562.00
595.50
631.00
Future value of the annuity $2,818.50

33. Ordinary annuity
FVIFAk,n = [(1/k) ( (1+ k)n – 1)]

34. Present value of an Annuity

35. Table 5-6
Illustration of a Five-Year $500 Annuity Discounted to the Present at 6 percent
YEAR
 Dollars received at the
the end of year $471.50
445.00
420.00
396.00
373.50
PV annuity $2,106.00

36. PVIFAK,n = (1/k) [( 1 – 1/(1+k)n]

37. PVIFi,n or the Present Value of an Annuity of $1
Table 5-7
PVIFi,n or the Present Value of an Annuity of $1
N % % % % % % % % % %

38. n=10 years, I=5 percent, and current PMT=$1,000
PV= $1,000(7.722)
= $7,722

39. PMT Annuity: $5,000, n =5 years, i=8 percent, PMT:?

40. AMORTIZED LOANS

41. Loan Amortization Schedule Involving a $6,000 Loan at 15 Percent to Be Repaid in Four Years
Year Annuity Interest Portion Repayment of Outstanding
Of The Annuity The Principal Loan Balance
Portion Of The After The An-
Annuity nuity Payment
$2, $ $1, $4,798.42
, , ,416.60
, , ,827.51
, ,827.51

42. ANNUITIES DUE FVn (annuity due)=PMT(FVIFA I,n)(1+I) (5-10)
FV5=$500(FVIFA5%,5)(1+0.06)
=$500(5.637)(1.06)
=$2,987.61
 from $2,106 to $2,232.36,
PV=$500(PVIFA6%,5)(1+0.06)
=$500(4.212)(1.06)
=$2,232.36

43. End of year principal(5)
End year
Loan payment
(1)
Beginning principal
(2)
payments
End of year principal(5)
[(2) －(4)]
Interest(3)
[0.1 × (2)]
Principal(4)
[(1) － (3)] 1 $ $
$600.00 $ $ 2
$470.73 $ $ 3
$328.53 $ $ 4
$172.10 $

44. The Value of $100 Compounded at Various Intervals FOR 1 YEAR AT i PERCENT
Compounded annually $ $ $ $115.00
Compounded semiannually
Compounded quarterly
Compounded monthly
Compounded weekly (52)
Compounded daily (365)

45. PRESENT VALUE OF AN UNEVEN STREAM
YEAR CASH FLOW YEAR CASH FLOW $

46. Present value of $500 received at the end of one year
= $500(0.943) = $471.50
2. Present value of $200 received at the end of tree years
= $200(0.890) =
3. Present value of a $400 outflow at the end of three years
= -400(0.840) =
4. (a) Value at the end of year 3 and a $500 annuity, years 4 through 10
= $500 (5.582) = $2,791.00
(b) Present value of $2, received at the end of year 3
= 2,791(0.840) = 2,344.44
5. Total present value = $2,657.94

47. Quiz 1 Warm up Quiz. Terms:
: n = 5, m = 4, I =12 percent, and PV =$100 solve for fv

48. Quiz 2
What is the present value of an investment involving $200 received at the end of years 1 through 4, a $300 cash outflow at the end of year 5 to 8, and $500 received at the end of years 9 through 10, given a 5 percent discount rate?

49. Quiz 3
A 25 year-old graduate has his $50,000 salary a year. How much will he get when he reaches to 60 (35 years later)year-old with a value rate of 8%(annual compounding).
The graduate will have his $80,000 salary at age of 30. How much will he get when he reaches to his age of 60(30 years later) with the value rate of 8%(semi-annual compounding).

50. Quiz 4
The graduate will have his $100,000 salary at age of 40. How much will he get when he reaches to his age of 60(20 years later) with the value rate of 12%(quarterly-annual compounding).
Compute the future value from 25-30/30-40/40-60 year old with the same rate and the compounding rate.

51. PERPETUITIES
$500 perpetuity discounted back to the present at 8 percent?
PV = $500/0.08 = $6,250

52. Power of time of value of money
History of Interest Rates
$1000 ( )400 = ?

53. Power of time value of money
Money Angles: by Andrew Tobias.
Chessboard with the King
Manhattan