1. GLOBAL FOOD CHALLENGE Slideshow A
This slideshow supports sessions 1-3 of the Global Food Challenge resources for 7-11 year olds.
An imaginative cross-curricular teaching resource for 7-11 year olds, to support learning about global food issues. Learners will investigate where our food comes from and develop a range of skills including questioning, using maps, inference and discussion. Global Food Challenge explores issues surrounding food production, particularly for small-scale farmers, such as the impacts of climate change and unfair supply chains. Learners are also asked to consider ways in which they could take action towards food justice.
Global Food Challenge resources for 7-11 year olds

2. SESSION ONE Why is food a challenge around the world?
Clockwise from top left
Image info: Virginie Mukagatare works in her tea plantation in Gicumbi District, Northern Rwanda. Despite working long hours, she earns very little money from tea farming. Oxfam and local partners have set up a pig project to support widows, such as Virginie, by providing them with a pregnant pig and training in rearing and breeding skills. 
Photo credit: Aurelie Marrier d'Unienville/Oxfam
Image info: Wafaa Derwesh* (name changed), 39, eats a meal with her family in the half built house that they now call home. Wafaa* was displaced with her family when ISIS took control of her village. Oxfam and local partners are providing humanitarian assistance to families in Iraq affected by the conflict.
Photo credit: Tommy Trenchard/Oxfam
Image info: Farmers harvests rice in Mindanao in the Philippines. The Philippines is the third most disaster-prone country in the world. Climate change is contributing to an increase in the frequency and intensity of typhoons as well as a general rise in temperatures and rain leading to an increase in droughts, flash floods and landslides. All of this is having a huge impact on small-scale farmers. Oxfam is working with local partners and governments to increase awareness of climate change in poor communities and reduce the risks it creates for vulnerable farmers.
Photo credit: Tessa Bunney /Oxfam Australia
Image info: Lado Joseph, an Emergency, Food Security and Livelihood Officer for Oxfam, walks through a pile of food sacks airdropped by the World Food Programme (WFP) in Padding, Jonglei, South Sudan. Oxfam distributed the food to around 16,000 people, both the communities that lived in Padding and people displaced by conflict.
Photo credit: Albert González Farran/Oxfam

3. What words will help us to talk about food issues around the world?
Talking about food...
What words will help us to talk about food issues around the world?
Malnutrition
Hunger
Health
Famine
Food security
Farming
Terminology to support discussion in Activity 1.1
Resources
Starvation
Crops

4. This is an example of an infographic.
Infographics use images, patterns, diagrams, charts and text to make information stand out and be easier to understand.
Source of infographic:

5. Why are people hungry when there is enough food to eat?
‘We had a small piece of land where we could grow rice to eat. But it was taken by a company growing fruit to sell abroad.’ - Maria, the Philippines
'Sometimes I only have enough money to buy food for the baby. Then I have nothing to eat.’- Annie, Scotland, UK 
Anthony was driven from his land by fighting. ‘My house, my sugar cane and my orange trees were all burnt.’ - Anthony, Kenya
‘It is becoming harder to harvest a decent crop because of the droughts each year. This means we don’t make as much money selling our crops at market and our family has less to eat.’ Tendai, Zimbabwe
‘I did not have breakfast this morning. The shops are full of food, but I have no money to buy anything.’
John, England, UK

6.
The Food Index, Oxfam for session 1.
Background on the Food Index see do/good-enough-to-eat
This index uses eight established global data sources. The statistics are from different years, but all the figures are the most recently available from global data sources, such as the World Health Organisation. Each of the sources used different scales in measuring the countries, requiring a process to standardise them so that they could be compared. The standard MIN / MAX rescaling method was used, generating re-scaled values of where 0 points is the minimum score (best) and 100 points is the maximum score (worst). The process is based on identifying the countries with the minimum and maximum scores in the original data, scoring them 0 and 100 respectively and then measuring how far every other country is from these maximum and minimum values.
All countries with data for each measure were included in the re-scaling process to ensure that the final result was a globally comparable one. However, only the countries that had data for all eight measures were included in the final index, with one exception. For most developed countries, there is no data available for the underweight children measure. For those countries that achieved the minimum score for the undernourishment measure they were assumed to also be amongst the best in the world for measures for underweight children. The Good Enough To Eat database therefore includes 125 countries. That some of the measures do not include minimum or maximum scores illustrates that there are countries that are better or worse but are not included in the index because they do not have data available for the other measures.

7. SESSION TWO Where does our food come from?
Image info: Mediterranean Food Market
Photo credit: Miroslav Vajdic,
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Credit: Miroslav Vajdic

8. Image info: Villagers and reality show participants chop and peel vegetables in preparation for a community feast organised by Oxfam.
A group of 18 women farmers aged are taking part in the fourth season of a hugely popular Tanzanian reality TV show, “Female Food Heroes” (known locally as Mama Shujaa wa Chakula) - a collaboration between Oxfam and Tanzanian network EATV (East Africa TV). This year, more than 3,000 Tanzanian women applied for the opportunity to live on a specially constructed farming set under almost 24-hour TV surveillance for three weeks, competing in farming tasks and learning about leadership, women's rights and finance management. The show, which attracts 21 million viewers (approximately half the population of Tanzania), aims to highlight and promote the contribution women make in food production across Africa. 
Winners and contestants on the show become celebrities throughout the country and often use their newfound fame as a platform to promote the role and status of women in traditional Tanzanian society as well as challenge the government about food-related issues. The winner of the show is chosen by viewer votes (70%) and the input of a panel of judges (30%). She wins 20 million Tanzanian Shillings (a bit under £7,000) as well as farming and fishing tools for her own land.
CoCo McCabe/ Oxfam

9. Image info: Beatrice Musimbi, 46, stands outside her food stall with her two sons in Kawangware, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Beatrice’s husband left her alone with her four children ten years ago and sometimes her daily struggle to feed her children was so hard she had to resort to begging. Beatrice felt a burden to her wider family. 
Joining Oxfam’s Wezesha Jamii project gave Beatrice the idea and skills to start her own small business. Now she says that her life depends on her stall, from which she sells vegetables. It enables her to pay the rent, feed her children two meals a day and put a bit of money aside to help with their school fees. The group is also somewhere that Beatrice feels she can share her challenges. The members of the group all help each other financially with joint saving schemes from which they can all borro, but, just as importantly, they are there to support and advise each other. 
Beatrice says:
“Back then life was very difficult. I often didn’t have any source of income, I depended on others and begging for help. But today I help myself.
I learnt how to do business thanks to Wezesha Jamii. I opened a stall selling vegetables. I have green beans, tomatoes, and other things. I have learnt from the project, I know to sit with other businesswomen and exchange ideas on how best to do my business instead of doing it alone. We had trainings on how to make soap, cakes and other things to sell. Now life is better. From what I learnt I decided to start my life afresh. I opened this shop so that I can help me. I pay my rent from the shop, my food from the shop. Almost everything, even my children’s needs and school fees. I am able to get food for my family.”
Katie G. Nelson/Oxfam 9

10. Image info: Nema, 25, cooks and serves food at the reception centre in the Imvepi refugee settlement in Uganda.
Refugees from South Sudan have been fleeing conflict and hunger in their country, and seeking safety across the border in Uganda. As of early June 2017, Uganda was hosting more than 900,000 South Sudanese refugees and asylum seekers. Oxfam and its local partners are reaching over 280,000 refugees with assistance that includes: the provision of clean water, sanitation services such as the digging of pit latrines, hygiene promotion, emergency food and livelihoods support, and dealing with gender and protection issues.
CoCo McCabe/ Oxfam US

11. Image info: Um Ashraf’s extended family unites to break their fast inside their tent on a farm in Taneeb, Jordan. Unable to afford meat, the family is eating a meal made of aubergines, cucumbers, peas, beans and rice with tomatoes and potatoes.
“This Ramadan, is totally unlike the ones we used to have back in Hama, Syria, where neighbours would share a lamb and eat with each other,” she says. “But what matters most now is that we are all safe together.” More than 1.8m Syrian refugees have fled their homes and are now living in neighbouring countries with more arriving each day. Families are living either in refugee camps, temporary tented settlements or crowded rented accommodation. Life is tough and the month of Ramadan makes people think of home more than ever.
Oxfam has provided humanitarian assistance to more than 135,000 refugees who have fled to Lebanon and Jordan. Working with local partners, Oxfam is providing water and sanitation facilities in Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan, as well as offering cash support to families living in rented accommodation and settlements in both countries.
Karl Schembri /Oxfam

12. Image info: Tuzamurane cooperative members stand outside the cooperative centre in Kirehe District, Eastern Rwanda. Tuzamurane Cooperative is a group of women in a small village that grow and sell pineapples. The name literally means “lift up one another”. The cooperative was set up with the aim of equipping women with horticultural skills and access to markets and savings’ schemes. Prior to the existence of the co-operative, women were growing and selling pineapples on a much smaller scale for a low price and were trapped in a cycle of remaining poor. One pineapple would sell for 50 Rwf at the farm gate or 100 Rwf at the local market. The Cooperative’s pineapples are now sold at 200 Rwf.
The profits from sales are invested back into the business and shared between the members. Oxfam has helped create links with the banks so that the women can access loans to pay for health insurance and school fees. With support from Oxfam the farm is now organic certified. Tuzamurane produces 880 tonnes of pineapple a year and exports the dried pineapple to countries across Africa and as far away as France.
The women have seen a vast increase in their income and are now able to send their children to school, pay for healthcare, buy land, extend their homes and invest in other small businesses. They are no longer trapped in a low income cycle.
Aurelie Marrier d’Unienville/ Oxfam

13. Rising food prices affect the poorest people the most.
Image info: Dodo Khan Jamali (28) in his shop in Bahwalpur village, Sindh province, Pakistan. Dodo has been running his shop with his brother for five years. Whilst he says that his shop is doing fine and he is making a profit, Dodo knows his customers are finding the increases in food prices hard to cope with.  “The prices I pay for things from the market are more but I sell them for more so I get a profit. My customers are struggling, there is a lot of poverty here. Almost all the items have gone up and I see people buying less, customers can only afford to buy smaller amounts. Prices are more now, I buy a kilo of onions in the market for 50 rupees and sell them for 55. Last year they cost 18 rupees for a kilo.”
Rising food prices affect the poorest people the most.
Irina Werning /Oxfam
13

14. Image info: A participant is served breakfast before the start of a 100 kilometre walk across the South Downs Way in 30 hours or less, in order to raise money for Oxfam and the Gurkha Welfare trust.
David Azia/ Oxfam

15. Image info: A distribution of winter and shelter kits is taking place in a school to 807 people who live in Madanpur, 37km outside of Kathmandu, Nepal. Madanpur suffered a number of severe aftershocks following the earthquake in Nepal in April
On 25 April 2015, Nepal was struck by a massive 7.6 magnitude earthquake that left nearly 9,000 people dead and destroyed or damaged more than 850,000 homes. In the first three months after the earthquake, Oxfam provided emergency food, water, shelter and latrines and helped to raise awareness of hygiene and sanitation issues to more than 400,000 people. Since then Oxfam has been helping communities to recover, for example by providing improved temporary shelters and income generating opportunities for skilled and unskilled labour.
Kieran Doherty /Oxfam

16. Who? When? What? Where? Why? Asking questions...
To support activity 2.1
Why?

17. Categorising questions
Group your questions
those which can be easily answered
those which require further information from books or other sources
those which have no definite answer but will lead to a wider debate about the issues raised in the picture

18. Take a look in your supermarket bag
Where does our food come from?
Take a look in your supermarket bag

19. Map source: Geographical Association www.geography.org.uk

20. SESSION THREE Who Produces our food?
Credit: Abbie Trayler-Smith/Oxfam
Image info: Leyla Kayere, 76, selling her tomatoes.
Malawi is a small country (about the size of the UK). For more information see slide 32 notes.

21. Farming around the world...
Look at your photograph.
Where is this place?
Who might the farmer be?
What is happening in the photograph?
What is happening beyond the frame of this photograph?
Ideas for activity 3.1

22. Photo credit: Richard Croft.
Image info: A Claas Lexion 540 combine harvester at work in Black House Field at Harby, Nottinghamshire, UK
Photo credit: Richard Croft.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHarvesting_in_Black_House_Field_- _geograph.org.uk_-_ jpg
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Richard Croft

23. Image info:
In Rwanda’s Rulindo District, Madeline has started to sell cassava leaves to increase her income. Oxfam is working closely with SHEKINA Enterprises to support the development of technologies for drying cassava leaves, creating a valuable, non- perishable product, which can be sold internationally. Oxfam has supported the establishment of collection points where farmers can deliver their leaves. The business has created a reliable market for cassava leaves, creating jobs along the value chain. Almost 2000 people are now benefitting from this business. 
Eleanor Farmer /Oxfam

24. Image info: Newly planted rice in paddy fields in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. Rising sea levels, salt water intrusion and climate change are threatening the farming and fishing-dependent communities in the low-lying Delta. Oxfam and partners are supporting some of the poorest and most vulnerable families in the region by introducing renewable energy systems to save them time and money, and help them to develop sustainably.
Tessa Bunney/ Oxfam

25. Image info: Senia Tanyanyiwa feeds her family’s poultry outside her home in the Gutu region of Zimbabwe. Senia lives with her husband and five children in their extended family home. They have been trying to build their own home since It has taken them a long time because they can only build when they are able to earn and spend some money on materials.
Senia does most of the work around the house including cooking, cleaning, laundry and collecting water, as well as farming corn, sweet potatoes, round nuts and ground nuts. She does all of these tasks sometimes until she is so tired that she forgets to eat. But these tasks, Senia says, are “expected of me, everybody is just waiting on me”.
Working from dawn until dusk, Senia can’t picture what having free time would be like, and whether she would be able to see herself doing something else beyond the world she knows. Her dream is to have the time to plan and oversee one of her own projects for financial gain, perhaps raising and selling chickens.
Aurelie Marrier d’Unienville / Oxfam

26. Photo credit: Sam Beebe (Flickr: Crop circles along the Columbia)
Image info: Crop circles in Columbia, Washington, USA. Crop circles are created by a sprinkler system to water the crops called centre pivot irrigation.
Photo credit: Sam Beebe (Flickr: Crop circles along the Columbia)
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY- SA 2.0)
Sam Beebe

27. Image info: Kitabe Terfe works on her land in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. She is part of Oxfam'€™s Projects Direct horticulture value chain project and the We Care programme. Kitabe lives with her husband and four children - three boys and one girl. Her second harvest of onion seed has been growing for three months and will be ready to harvest in another three months.
Abbie Traylor-Smith/ Oxfam

28. Image info: Ulita Mutambo’s daughter relaxes in a wheelbarrow outside her home.
Ulita Mutambo lives with her husband and two children in Ture village in the Zvishevane region of Zimbabwe. They are part of the We Care programme.
Ulita and her husband have been married since Prior to being part of the We Care programme, Ulita, as expected, performed all of the household tasks including fetching water, doing the laundry, cooking, childcare as well as taking care and harvesting the crops.
Ulita says: 
“We started taking part in the We Care programme in 2014, that’s when things changed for the better. At first my husband did not help me at all. I would do all the work on my own, carrying firewood from the mountains and fetching water from the borehole which is far from here. Now the work is lighter. The chores that have to be done are: laundry, fetching water, cooking, bathing the children, as well as working in the fields. When I just got married I would do all the work, my husband would only help now and then. Now we help each other. While I do the washing, cooking or sweeping, my husband goes to fetch water. After that we go together to collect firewood. Getting help is good because now I get time to rest. Before we joined the programme I would never have time to rest.
The wheelbarrow that we have came from the We Care programme and helps us to carry water, fetch firewood, and to take maize to the grinding mill. It also helps to carry laundry as well as rocks that we clear from the fields. Before we got the wheelbarrow, my husband wasn’t able to carry water on his head. He actually found it to be embarrassing. But he started changing his attitude when we got onto the programme. He started fetching the water using the wheelbarrow. It is easier to farm a bigger field now because we are helping each other. We plough together, using an ox drawn plough, using our cattle. As for weeding, we also do that together, the two of us."
Aurelie Marrier d’Unienville / Oxfam

29. Image info: Pineapples are hollowed out for drying at the Tuzamurane pineapple cooperative processing plant in Eastern Rwanda, Kirehe District. For more information see notes on Slide 12.
Aurelie Marrier d’Unienville /Oxfam

30. Image info: The Kabwadu Women’s Banana Farm in Chiawa, Zambia
Image info: The Kabwadu Women’s Banana Farm in Chiawa, Zambia. Oxfam has provided crop irrigation, training and solar-powered electric fencing to keep wild animals away from the crops. Chiawa is a rural area with few transport links, health centres and employment opportunities. Through this project, a group of women farmers are finding hope and security by growing bananas. Oxfam’s investment in solar fencing, irrigation, and training is empowering people, saving lives, and ensuring the women can afford to build better housing and send their children to school. 
Abbie Traylor-Smith /Oxfam

31. Image info: Cows near Littlewood Farm Dairy, in Frampton, England
Image info: Cows near Littlewood Farm Dairy, in Frampton, England. The flat lush fields in the Frome Valley floodplain are ideal for cattle whereas the steep hillsides are more suited to grazing by sheep.
Photo credit: Jim Champion, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cows_near_Littlewood_Farm_Dairy,_Fram pton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_ jpg
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY- SA 2.0)
Jim Champion

32. Meet Leyla...
Abbie Trayler-Smith/Oxfam
Malawi
Image info: Leyla Kayere, 76, selling her tomatoes.
Malawi is a small country in sub-Saharan Africa (about the size of the UK) with a population of 19 million¹. Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world with 50.7% of the population living in poverty². The land is over-farmed and becoming increasingly infertile. Harvests are becoming smaller. And due to changes in the climate, the rainfall in Malawi is increasingly erratic leading to frequent and severe droughts, or destruction of crops when the rains are intense and unpredicted. Both result in food shortages.
With initial support from Oxfam, the farming village of Mnembo have managed to pool their labour to harvest and sell their produce in bulk. In addition to bigger and better maize harvests, the newly irrigated land enables the community to diversify and grow cash crops. They now grow wheat, rice and tomatoes. Tomatoes are the most profitable crop.
Map credit: By Shosholoza (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons ( frica.svg) ¹ ²

33. Card sort activity 3.2

34. Card sort activity 3.2

35. Card sort activity 3.2

36. Card sort activity 3.2

37. Snakes and Ladders