1. Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21st Century
Shri Rajeeva Ratna Shah
Secretary
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
Ministry of Commerce & Industry
Government of India

2. The Broadening Sphere of Information Technology
DATA
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
Cognition
Computation
Communication

3. Capitalist Society (Legacy System) Information Society
Old Economy
Capitalist Society
(Legacy System)
New Economy
Information Society
(Knowledge Society)
Core: Competition is the key since capital is a limited and scarce resource
Core: Collaboration and sharing is the key since knowledge is inexhaustible
Capital diminishes with sharing
Knowledge increases with sharing
Capital investments are one time and subject to low obsolescence
Knowledge investments need continuous up-gradation and have high obsolescence

4. Knowledge of the 21st Century
STHULA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGAT
Macrocosm Microcosm
NEURONS
NETWORKS
NANOTECH
ATOMS
Building Blocks & Knowledge Tools of 21st Century
BIOTECH
COMPUTERS
GENES
BITS

5. INDIA – GIANT STRIDES IN IT SECTOR
Industry size US $ 14 billion: Export US $ 12 billion
2008 target export: US $ 50 billion
CAGR (5 years):exceeding 50%
Job creation: a million direct jobs & indirectly 2-3 Million jobs
India is hosting 62 SEI/CMM – level 5 companies, which represents more than half of world total.
250 Fortune 500 companies are sourcing software service from India
250 Software companies in India have ISO – 9000 certification.

6. India as an International BPO Hub
Remote Delivery of Services
Custom Software
Call Centers
Transcription Services
Transaction Services
Engineering Design
Product and Process Development
An Emerging $ billion Global Outsourcing:
Access to Low Cost Talent

7. COUNTRY ADVANTAGE LIKELY TO BE COMODITIZED
(45-55% savings)
Vendor advantage
(30-40% savings)
Original
Cost
base
Factor
Savings
Additional
Telecom
& manage-
ment costs
Off-shore
Location
cost
Consoli-ation,
Standar-
Dization
& superior
skills
Task
Reengi
neering
Econo-
mies of
scale
Process
Reengine
-ering
New cost
Task migration
Task level
improvement
100
60-65
10-15
8-13
5-7
3-5
Does not
Include gains from
Over-delivery and
continuous
45-55 15
30-35
Task aggregation
And process level
improvement

8. INDIA AS AN EMERGING DESIGN SOURCE
Hardware/embedded Software design emanating from MNC’s in India
e.g. Philips DVD video codec; Apple iPod audio codec; TI OMAP; Microsoft J#; Adobe Reader for Palm & iPaq; Intel “start-up” utility; Cisco IOS core components; hp-ux, OpenView kernel; Oracle Pro c components
“Hi-tech” hardware/software product design by Indian IT companies
e.g. MBIL 3rd global optical disk manufacturer; VXL Instruments 3rd global terminal manufacturer; HiCal supplies magnetics for global No 1 mobile handset manufacturer; ImpulseSoft possibly the first global Bluetooth wireless earphone; Manmar imaging software for Ultrasound scanners; Purple Vision signal processor;

9. INDIA AS AN EMERGING R&D HUB
Microsoft, Intel, CISCO, DELL have major R&D centers in India – The biggest outside US
Monsato - R & D base in India - first outside USA
GE - T9he Jack Welch Research Center in Bangalore
HP Labs India has built a Prototype that Scan Handwritten Mail through a Small Handheld Device
The Daimler Chrysler Research Center in Bangalore engaged in Fundamental and Applied Research in Avionics, Simulation and Software Development
Whirlpool’s Pune Research Lab develops Refrigerators and Air Conditioners for Asia and Australia
GE Motors India Developed a Noiseless Motor for GE’s Most Sophisticated Washing Machine Lines in the USA

10. SUPERCOMPUTING
Synonymous to Technologies which help in achieving high computational and storage capability for Mission Critical & Grand Challenge problems in Scientific & Engineering and now in Business computing domains.
Advanced Computing
High Performance Computing
Cluster Computing
Parallel Processing
Vector Processing

11. High Performance Computing (HPC)
Key Technology for Self-reliance
India Entered in Late 80s – Due to Export Control
Significant Developments made since late 80’s
Strategic and Key Economic Sectoral Applications

12. EVOLUTION OF PARAM SUPER COMPUTERS
PARAM PADMA
Performance
1000 GFLOPS
100 GFLOPS
PARAM
20 GFLOPS
10 GFLOPS
PARAM Open Frame
PARAM 9000
5 GFLOPS
PARAM ANANT
PARAM 8600
1 GFLOPS
PARAM 8000
Year
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2000
2002

13. PARAM Padma

14. PARAM Padma (Param 20K)
One TF Peak Computing Power with several 100s GF Sustained Power on International Bench marks
5 TB Primary storage & 10 TB Secondary storage
2.5 GBPS two way with very low
latency
Flexible and Scalable Program development, System Engineering and System Management tools

15. Applications of Supercomputing
Bio technology & bio computation
Molecular Modeling
Genomic Sequencing
Nano technology & nano computation
Atmospherics & Oceanics
Weather Forcasting
Climate modeling
Computational Fluid dynamics for Space Science Applications
Seismic Data Processing
Structural Mechanics

16. Computational Grids – Connecting Number of HPC Sites
Future Developments
Computational Grids – Connecting Number of HPC Sites
IGrid –
A Project to Link 8 HPC Sites Providing 10 Teraflops of Computing Power and Petabytes of Storage

17. I Grid

18. Applications of Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotech
New crop research- transgenic crops
Bio fertilizers
Bio – pest control
Bio – resource Development i.e. Bio-Diversity Parks
Animal Biotech
Vaccines for animals
Acqua – culture/marine biotech
Seri - biotech
Medical Biotech
New drug discovery- Pharmaceutical biotech
Diagnostics Applications
Therapeutic Applications
Prophylactic biotech

19. Bio-informatics as a gateway to New Drug Discovery
Bio-informatics has been defined as the discipline that generates computational tools, databases, methods & procedures to support ‘genomic’ and ‘post genomic’ research. Bio-informatics has been also described as a graceful blending of computer science and bio-technology. Bio-technology per se is experimentation in-vivo (in real life) and in-vitro (in test tubes); bio-informatics carries the experimentation a step further and makes it in-silico (in silicon / micro chip).

20. Stupendous size of Genomic Data
Genome sequencing taken up for 100 organisms
Human Genome has 3.2 billion pairs of DNA sequences
Data 5000 DNA sequences or 2 million nucleotides/day
Refinement, review, reclassification and annotation of the above data
Information explosion a challenge to Knowledge Management

21. Super computational support is required for numerous functions involved in post genomic R&D
in-silico-computation and in-silico simulation
In silico - drug target identification
In silico - drug design (pharmaco – genomics)
In silico - toxicity testing
In silico modelling

22. The experimental (left) and computational (right) hierarchies will increasingly become codependent as the research community models greater biological complexity

23. Current and Expected Sustained Capability Requirements for Major Community
Problem Class
Sustained Capability 1999
Sustained Capability 2010
Sequence assembly
> 1012 flops
1014 flops
Binary sequence comparison
1012 flops
> 1014 flops
Multiple sequence comparison
Gene modeling
> 1015 flops
1017 flops
Phylogeny trees
1011 flops
1013 flops
Protein family classification
> 1010 flops

24. EMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERY RELATED BIOTECH R&D
IITs, CSIR Labs, DBT Labs
Private Sector Players
(a) Delhi Cluster
ICGEB: International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology
CBT:Centre for Bio-Chem Technology
IIT - Delhi
JNU – Jawaharlal Nehru University
NII – National Institute of Immunology
Spectramind e-services
Nicholas Piramal
TCG
Mascon Global Ltd.
(b) Calcutta Cluster
Bose Institute
ISI: Indian Statistical Institute
IICB: Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
Deptt. of Biophysics & Molecular Biology
Jadavpur University
IIT - Khargpur
(1) TCG: The Chatterjee Group
(c) Bangalore Cluster
IISc: Indian Institute of Science
IIT – Madras
Deptt. of Crystallography & Biophysics – Madras
Bio-informatics Centre – Madurai
Strand Genomics
Metahelix
Kshema Technologies
(d) Hyderabad Cluster
CCMB: Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology
CDFD: Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics
Satyam Computers
TCS: Tata Consultancy Services
Shanta Biotech
(e) Pune-Bombay Cluster
Bio-informatics Centre
IIT – Bombay
Others
Avestha Gengrame
Syngene
DSQ - Software

25. India’s Inherent Strengths
High international profile of Software industry
Vibrant pharmaceutical industry and rapidly emerging bio-tech industry
World class network of educational and research institutions
Rich Biodiversity
Large population having reservoirs of valuable diagnostic and clinical data
Known strengths in mathematics, logic and computational skills

26. Nano World
Nanotechnology is concerned with the design and manufacture of molecular scale devices by manipulation and placement of individual atoms and molecules with precision on the atomic scale as opposed to the “top down” fabrication techniques employed in today’s microelectronics technology.

27. Dimensions in Scale The Nanoworld Head of a pin 1-2 mm Human hair
1 cm
10 mm
10-2 m
Head of a pin
1-2 mm
0.1 cm
1 mm
10-3 m
0.1 mm
100 μm
10-4 m
Human hair
~ m
0.01 mm
10 μm
10-5 m
Red blood cells
with white cell
~2-5 m
1 μm
1000 nm
10-6 m
spectrum
Visible
0.1 μm
100 nm
1 nanometer (nm)
100 nanometers
10-7 m
The Nanoworld
10-8 m
0.01 mm
10 nm
DNA
~2.5 nm width
10-9 m
1 nm
Atoms of silicon
spacing ~tenths of nm
10-10 m
0.1 nm

28. Nano Scene Nano materials Nano actuators Nano sensors Nano electronics
• Artificial muscle •
Nano
robot components
• Carbon nanotubes
Dielectric and ferroelectric Materials
• Multifunctional polymers
• Bio compatible materials Scalpel, tweezers & Nano tools
Nano electronics •
Nano -
and Micro -
pumps •
Nano -
and Micro -
motors •
• • •
Nano systems
This is an over all scheme of things that people are talking about. Many suggestions are in the realm of ‘plausible’. However, most are still in the nature of science fiction but we all believe that we will have the tools to achieve these fantastic possibilities.
- Resonant Tunneling Devices
- Single Electron Transistors
- Quantum well structures
- Memories
- Logic circuits
- IR Detectors
- Sensors
• • •
NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems)
Nano-machines and robots
Tele-surgery
Drug delivery
Reconfigurable Systems • •
• • •

29. The Importance of Large Domestic Markets: With a Billion People India is a Latent World Scale Market.

30. The Emerging Market: Focus of Large Firms, NGOs and Government
5-10 million, Rich
Large Firms
PPP> $10,000, m
NGOs,
Government
PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m
PPP $2-3,000, 150 m
PPP , $ 2000, 500 m

31. The Emerging Market: India Traditional and Emerging Focus
MNC Business
Model
5-10 million, Rich
Some MNCs?
PPP> $10,000, m
Local
Firms
PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m
Future
Opportunity?
PPP $2-3,000, 150 m
We can see how most MNCs have positioned themselves, exclusively at the top of the pyramid, with only a few seeking to tap into the emerging markets.
195 out of 200 MNCs originated in the developed world, not surprising that their image is restricted.
Most wait until GDP per capita reaches $10K PPP
Asian financial crisis has only reinforced this conservative approach
Most of these have precisely failed because they have used the same business model they use at the apex of the pyramid, and because they often run into established local firms.
PPP > $ 2000, 500 m

32. The Poor Have Purchasing Power
What Durables Do they Own ?
Slums
Chawls
Others
Average Number Owned
5.4
6.5
8.7
Basic Kitchen Durables
- Gas Stove Pressure Cooker Mixer
56 74 74
70 89 81 82
88 85
Conveniences Fridge Toaster Washing Machine Kitchen Sink Telephone Two Wheeler
Entertainment
- TV - B/W TV – Color Cable (local) – in - 1

33. DIGITAL DIVIDE RESEARCH THEMES
Focus on technologies that are:
Relevant
High impact
Pervasive
Cutting edge
Cost-effective
Replicable
Scalable
World Computer
An information technology device that can be used by anyone, irrespective of wealth, education or infrastructure availability
Low cost
Minimal infrastructure operations
Usable by illiterates
Digital Village
Integration of the research
Allow villagers to express themselves
Manage costs and finances
Bits for All
Link organic, affordable information devices (and therefore people) in a cost-effective manner
Tomorrow’s Tools
Devices to connect the digital to the real world

34. PROJECTS UNDERWAY World Computer Rural OS
Speech Interfaces Visual Language Interfaces for All
Interlingua Web
Literacy Learning thru Pictures Low cost computing
New Projects Underway
Ca:sh Rural Hisaab Mapping for the Masses
SARI
Digital Village
Tomorrow’s Tools
Digital Craft Revival Digital Music Infosculpture Suchik Polysensors Complex RF Imp Analysers UV-VIS Spectrometer Powersensors ThinkCycle BRICS Semantic Legacy document Resistive interfaces Voice biometrics
Bits for All
Rural WiFi DakNet Digital Gangetic Plain Off-line Internet Access Rural VOIP Ad hoc networks Efficient networks SACs
Community Connection Grassroots ICT Digital Mandi Infothela

35. DIGITAL DIVIDE PROJECTS CONTINUED
Digital Village
Applications
& Services
eGovernance &
Education
Economic Development
Health & Agriculture
Communications & Content
Census
SARI
ca:sh
Baatchit
Interlingua Web
Digital Mandi
UV-VIS Spectrometer
Rural VOIP & VMOIP
Suchik
Rural Fab Lab
PolySensors
Infothela
Tomorrow’s
Tools
Interfaces, Sensors, & Tools
Numeric Interfaces
Power Sensors
Gram Chitra
World
Computer
OS, Languages &
Access Devices
Rural OS 1.0
Multi-Literate
Interfaces
iPAQ
Simputer
Bits For All
Communications Infrastructure
802.rural
DakNet
Rural p2p Meshes

36. BITS FOR ALL: 802.RURAL (AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATIONS)
DakNet
Last-mile “seed” infrastructure
Store-and-forward wireless networking for rural connectivity
Mobile Access Points can be mounted on buses, mopeds…
High-bandwidth (supports voice and data transmission)
Pilot testing underway
Last-20 mile solution
Antennas, repeaters, and multihop networking provide long-range broadband infrastructure
Experimental b Network connecting the Kanpur-Lucknow corridor (achieved more than 4Mb/s)
Rural Multihop
Ubiquitous broadband coverage
Innovative routing algorithms enable mesh peer-to-peer networking
ML Asia uniquely positioned to lead in R&D efforts
Rural p2p Meshes

37. TOMORROW’S TOOLS: GRAM CHITRA (E-GOVERNANCE PLATFORM, NATIONAL SECURITY)
Low-cost GPS/GIS platform on handheld computers empowering villagers to create local maps
Applications include:
Census data collection
Educating schoolchildren on mapping
Automating land records
Epidemiological data collection for infectious diseases
Forestry management
Disaster management planning
GPS.Everywhere

38. AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION – E-GOVERNANCE
VALUE EXAMPLES
Rural Wi-Fi
GIS
CA:SH
Empowers village women, children to automatically create maps, collect info
Enables quality state government decision- making
Enables high quality census data collection from grassroots
National ID card program
Defence/security applications
Water quality and medical extension
Tests, demonstrates lower cost rural connectivity with telecom features
Enables villages to receive apps, e- governance services along the rural communications wireless trunk
Enables a new breed of apps, services to villages not typically connected by advanced communications
Enables mobile data collection, monitoring & medical services in the midst of rural communities
Expands coverage significantly of delivering & monitoring rural healthcare, esp to women & children
Quality Information for decision-making
Quick tracking of disease patterns in rural communities
AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION – E-GOVERNANCE

39. DIGITAL VILLAGE: INFOTHELA (E-GOVERNANCE)
“Information or e-Governance Cart” for providing and exchanging information
Pedal driven vehicle outfitted with a PC on connected via wireless technology
Pedaling charges battery pack
Accommodates diagnostic equipments (e.g. blood pressure testing machine)
Mobile platform for bringing ICTs directly to the user

40. The Dynamics of BOP Markets:
The Poorest Live in Highest Cost Sub Economies
They have Purchasing Power
Significant % of Poor are Geographically
Concentrated
The Rural/Urban Economic Divide is a Myth
The Poor Accept New Technologies
There is a Significant Multiplier Effect to
Infrastructure Investments among the Poor
Women are Key to Developing these Markets

41. We Need to go Beyond Quality: Scale and Geographic Scope
USA,
Europe,
Japan
S.Korea,
Taiwan
Finland
Switzerland
World
Scale
Domestic
Market
China
India
China
India,
Brazil
Small
Domestic
Market
Local Firms Global Firms

42. Emerging Markets as the Test Bed of Innovation: Criteria
Scale of Operations
800 million
Indian Consumers
4500 million
Global
Consumers
New Price-Perf.
Levels
Sustainable
Development
To tap the opportunity at the bottom, it will require that MNCs adopt a completely new business model, one based on the above four criteria
Innovative High
Tech. Solutions

43. INDIA HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND THE MOSTINNOVATIVE MARKET FOR….
Cement
Processed Food
Confectionary
Footwear
Textiles
Two Wheelers
TVs
Wireless Devices
Public Transportation
Waste Management
11. Water
12. Primary Health
13. Hospitality
14. Retailing
15. Agri Inputs
16. Desert Farming
17. Adult Education
18. Art Restoration
19. Solar Power
20. Refrigeration

44. Thank You 35