1. contributo per un uso razionale dellenergia contribution for a rational use of energy conferenza internazionale sulle tecnologie a risparmio energetico per il riscaldamento e il condizionamento international conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling Milano 2 marzo 2006 Milan, March 2nd, 2006

2. Prof. Hermann Halozan Politecnico di Graz Graz University of Technology La politica e la ricerca dellAgenzia Internazionale per lEnergia per promuovere le pompe di calore in qualità di tecnologia energetica efficiente per il riscaldamento e il condizionamento The International Energy Agency policy and research activities to promote heat pumps as energy efficient technology for heating and cooling

3. 3 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD IEA Heat Pump Programme Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling a Key Technology for Energy Conservation and Reducing CO2 Emissions Hermann Halozan, René Rieberer Institute of Thermal Engineering, Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 25 / B, A-8010 Graz, Austria Phone: +43 316 873-7303 (Fax: -7305) E-mail: halozan@tugraz.at

4. 4 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD HEAT PUMP - a new technology ? 1824CarnotDissertations 1834PeltierThermoelectric cooling/heating 1834PelletanMechanical vapour recompression 1834Perkins/EvansRefrigeration - ether compression 1844GorrieRefrigeration - air compression 1852KelvinHeat Pump - air compression 1855HarrisonRefrigeration - ether compression 1855von RittingerMechanical vapor recompression 1859CarréRefrigeration - absorption 1867LindeRefrigeration - ammoniak 1881LindeRefrigeration - carbon dioxide 1900CarrierAir Conditioning 1930Midgley/Henne(H)CFCs 1990HFCs 2010???

5. 5 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Carnot, Sadi (1796-1832)

6. 6 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Peter Ritter von Rittinger Mechanical Vapor Recompression System 1853-1855

7. 7 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Ferdinand Carré

8. 8 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

9. 9 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Heat Pump Market Development World Wide 1973First Oil Price Shock Japan and USA: Air Conditioners redesigned to be operated as Heat Pumps 1978Second Oil Price Shock Europe: Heating-Only Heat Pumps 199255 Million HP Units in Operation 280 TWh/a Heat Output, 0.3 % of the World Energy Demand 2000135 Million Units in Operation 1,300 TWh/a Heat Output Europe:4.3 Million Units in Operation 1.5 Million Units Heating-Only Heat Pumps

10. 10 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

11. 11 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Founded as an autonomous body within the OECD in 1974, in the wake of the first oil shock. Initial objectives were to represent major energy-consuming nations and to work for stability in world energy markets. Commitments to hold oil stocks, co-ordinate emergency responses, share oil Work to reduce reliance on oil Dialogue with oil producers Production of oil market statistics The IEA – International Energy Agency

12. 12 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

13. 13 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Strategy Study of the IEA 1980

14. 14 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

15. 15 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Implementing Agreement for a Programme of Research, Development, Demonstration and Promotion of Heat Pumping Technologies short name IEA Heat Pump Programme established in 1978, has finished 28 Annexes, 4 are ongoing operates the IEA Heat Pump Centre carried out several Analysis Studies organised Workshops organised 8 IEA Heat Pump Conferences

16. 16 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Formed 1978: Current Participating Countries Austria Canada France Germany Japan The Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom The United States Secretariat functions, including information dissemination carried out by the Heat Pump Centre 1982 FIZ Karlsruhe, Germany 1990 NOVEM, the Netherlands 2003 SP, Sweden

17. 17 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD HPP Strategic Objectives Environmental -To quantify and publicise the environmental and energy efficiency benefits of heat pumps Market and deployment - To develop and deliver information to support appropriate deployment Technology -To maintain and develop international technical RD&D collaboration that furthers the environmental and market objectives Information management - To provide effective collaboration and flow of information to, from and between stakeholders and other relevant bodies

18. 18 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD What do we do? - Information Activities Electronic newsletter –short version: abstracts, news items –long version: full reports Reports from Annexes International Conferences More information (including useful links) on the website www.heatpumpcentre.org

19. 19 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD What do we do? - Information Activities International IEA Heat Pump Conferences, 1984 in Graz, Austria, 1987 in Orlando, Florida, USA 1990 in Tokyo, Japan, 1993 in Maastricht, the Netherlands, 1996 in Toronto, Canada, 1999 in Berlin, Germany, 2003 in Beijing, China, 2005 in Las Vegas, USA.

20. 20 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD What do we do? - Annexes Collaborative projects between organisations in member countries –Technical Research –Surveys –Workshops Participants can be energy agencies, universities, research centres, companies, etc Participants decide on access to results –Summary reports generally become public –But may be restricted to participants for, say, two years –Detailed reports may be public or restricted to participants

21. 21 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD On-going Annexes Annex 29 - Ground Source Heat Pumps – Overcoming Market and Technical Barriers Annex 30 - Retrofit Heat Pumps for Dwellings Annex 31 - Advanced Modelling and Tools for Analysis of Energy Use in Supermarkets Annex 32 – Combined ands Optimised Air Conditioning, Heating, and Hot Water in Low-Energy Houses

22. 22 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Research, Development, Demonstration and Promotion of Heat Pumping Technology The programme is not just about not just about heating It covers the technology of heat pumping And its applications: –Heating –Air conditioning –Refrigeration –In buildings –In industry

23. 23 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Research, Development, Demonstration and Promotion of Heat Pumping Technology Heat pumps are a component of many types of systems –Heating; Air Conditioning; Refrigeration –in Buildings; in Industry Most current applications are in refrigeration and cooling But the biggest potential impacts are in heating –It is more carbon-efficient to generate electricity from gas and use the electricity in a heat pump, than to burn the gas in a condensing boiler

24. 24 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Strategic Energy Policy issues Energy Ministers from IEA countries and the G8 summit: –Strongly recommended giving higher priority to energy efficiency in buildings –Asked the IEA to undertake several tasks to support this –Three key strategic energy policy issues have been identified: Supply security Greenhouse gas emissions Access to energy Heat Pumps have a significant part to play in addressing each of them

25. 25 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Heat Pumps and Carbon Emissions

26. 26 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Heat Pumps and Carbon Emissions Impact could be increased by : Improved systems –Current technology falls short of theoretical potential Lower carbon electricity –Synergy with low carbon generation policies Higher market penetration –Penetration in most countries is well below 30% –In some it is already higher

27. 27 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Policy Mapping Cost-effective to user and to society Cost-effective to society but not to user Not currently cost- effective to society or user Life cycle cost or NPV Better --- Worse Heat pumps Photovoltaics Fuel Cells Solar thermal Carbon sequestration Wind power Smart Glazing Building fabric improvement Low energy lamps Combined heat and power Condensing boilers

28. 28 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Technology and Policy (Policy Analysis and Implementing Agreements) Cost-effective to user and to society: Remove market barriers Cost-effective to society but not to user: Incentives and regulation Not currently cost- effective to society or user: R&D and demonstration Life cycle cost or NPV Better --- Worse Agreements (HPP etc)Implementing Policy analysis (adviceto governments) ???

29. 29 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Potential Collaboration between Implementing Agreements and Policy Analysis Policy analysis can provide a clearer framework for Implementing Agreement annex definition –especially on market and applicability issues Implementing Agreements can collect and assess information for use by policy analysts –Existing markets –Examples of existing policies –Technical potential –Market barriers

30. 30 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Developments of Refrigerants Ethylether Air Water Methylether Ammonia Sulfurdioxid Carbondioxide Methylchloride Ethylchloride Distickstoffoxide Ethane Propane (H)FCKW C 4 H 10 O H 2 O C 2 H 6 O NH 3 SO 2 CO 2 CH 3 Cl C 2 H5Cl N 2 O C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 1834 1844 1855 1864 1867 1874 1881 1878 1870 1912 1921 ? 1930 Perkins/Evans Gorrie Rittinger Tellier Carré Linde Pictet Linde Vinvent Köhler Linde Midgley und Henne

31. 31 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

32. 32 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Energy Budget of the Earth

33. 33 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Global Temperature Change

34. 34 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD RefrigerantASHRAE NoCompositionBoiling Point °CODPHGWP AmmoniaR-717NH 3 -33,600 PropaneR-290C3H8C3H8 -42,000 IsobutaneR-600aC 4 H 10 -11,900 WaterR-718H2OH2O100,000 Carbon DioxideR-744CO 2 -78,400

35. 35 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

36. 36 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

37. 37 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

38. 38 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Frigopol Separated Hood Compressor

39. 39 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

40. 40 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

41. 41 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Multiport Extruded Tubes – MPE Advantages: Compact Cheap (=f(units))

42. 42 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

43. 43 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

44. 44 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

45. 45 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD Two-Stage Absorption Refriegration System

46. 46 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

47. 47 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD GAX Cycle

48. 48 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD

49. 49 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD GAX AIR CONDITIONER

50. 50 International Conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY March 2, 2006, Milan, Triennale heat pump programme IEA OECD THE GLOBAL HEAT PUMP

51. contributo per un uso razionale dellenergia contribution for a rational use of energy conferenza internazionale sulle tecnologie a risparmio energetico per il riscaldamento e il condizionamento international conference on energy saving technologies for heating and cooling Milano 2 marzo 2006 Milan, March 2nd, 2006