1. THE CIVIL WAR

2. Review What 2 things did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do?
How was slavery to be determined in the Kansas and Nebraska territories?
Why did settlers rush to Kansas after the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
What did the term “Bleeding Kansas” refer to?
What violent event happened in the Senate due to slavery debates?

3. Review What 2 things did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do?
Created the Kansas and Nebraska Territories
Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by opening the territories up to slavery
How was slavery to be determined in the Kansas and Nebraska territories?
Slavery decided by popular sovereignty (vote)
Why did settlers rush to Kansas after the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
To establish residency to vote on/against slavery
What did the term “Bleeding Kansas” refer to?
The violence in Kansas between pro and antislavery groups
What violent event happened in the Senate due to slavery debates?
Brooks beat Sumner with a cane for making remarks about his uncle and slavery

4. NEW POLITICAL PARTIES

5. Political Shifts
By the 1850s, political parties had changed due to debates over:
Slavery
Expansion
Immigration
The economy
Wars

6. Whig Party Established 1834
Dissolved in 1854 due to differing Beliefs over slavery
Beliefs
Pro-strong federal government
Northern Whigs – opposed the Fugitive Slave Act, mixed on Compromise of 1850
Southern Whigs – wanted slavery, supported the Compromise of to appear pro-Union
Important People
POTUSs: Harrison, Tyler (not really), Taylor, Fillmore
Clay and Webster - leaders

7. Democratic Party Important People Established 1840
Formerly the “Democratic-Republicans”
Actually resemble today’s Republicans - Belief in states’ rights and limited federal government
Beliefs
States’ rights, limited federal government
NORTHERN Dems - leave it as a territory/state issue, use popular sovereignty for new territories, prefer slavery not expand
SOUTHERN Dems - keep slavery where it is and let it expand into all new territories/states
Important People
POTUSs: Jackson, Polk
Douglas

8. Know-Nothing Party Established 1854 Nickname for the “American Party”
Very secretive and exclusive, secret handshakes and passwords
Beliefs
Nativism – the favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants
Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic
Divided over slavery
Important People
Fillmore ran for POTUS in 1856

9. Free-Soil Party Established 1848
Formed in response to the failure of the Wilmot Proviso
Most will join the Republican party in 1854
Beliefs
No slavery in new territories
Split on abolition
Northern economy relied on unskilled labor –not slaves
Extension of slavery threatened industrialization
Slavery could exist where already practiced
Important People
Van Buren (left Dem party), Horace Mann

10. Election of 1852 Democrat – Franklin Pierce Whig – Winfield Scott
Free-Soilers – John Hale
14th POTUS = Pierce
Limited fed. gov’t
States’ rights
Popular sovereignty to decide slavery
Supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Weak leadership – 1 term POTUS

11. Republican Party Established 1854
Founded in a meeting with northern Whigs, anti-slavery Democrats, and Free-Soilers
Beliefs
Anti-slavery in new territories
Anti-Kansas-Nebraska Act
Gained a lot of Northern support
Anti-Democratic party cartoon supported by Republicans

12. Republican Party Important People
Rep. Abraham Lincoln (Illinois) – very unsettled by the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Horace Greeley – anti-slavery expansion, founder/editor of the New York Tribune newspaper that he used to spread Republican ideas
John C. Frémont – Mexican-American War hero in California, anti-slavery in new territories

13. Political Parties in 1850s

14. Election of 1856 Democrat – James Buchanan
Northerner but had many Southern allies
Foreign minister to Great Britain, out of the country during the debates over the Kansas-Nebraska Act → no enemies in the North or South
Republican – John C. Frémont
Supported by some Know-Nothings
Know-Nothing – Millard Fillmore
Previously a Whig, but Whig party was gone

15. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements.
Frémont
Transcendentalist – “The first thing we want is a law making the use of tobacco, animal food [meat), and Lager-bier a capital crime…”

16. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements.
Frémont
Feminist wearing bloomers and smoking – “We demand, first of all, the recognition of Woman as the equal of man, with a right to vote and hold office…”

17. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements.
Frémont
Poor drunk – “An equal division of property, that is what I go in for…”

18. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements.
Frémont
Woman from Oneida community - “I wish to invite you to the meeting of our Free Love association, where the shackles of marriage are not tolerated and perfect freedom exists in love matters, and you will be sure to enjoy yourself, for we are all Freemounters…”

19. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements.
Frémont
Catholic priest - “We look to you sir, to place the power of the Pope on a firm footing in this country…”

20. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements.
Frémont
Black man in fake-”Dandy” attire (represents abolition) - “De Poppylation ob color comes in first, arter dat, you may do wot you pleases…”
(The population of color comes in first, after that, you may do what you please.)

21. Democratic party endorsed this cartoon that linked the new Republican party with other controversial “radical” movements.
Frémont
Frémont - “You shall all have what you desire… and be sure that the Glorious Principles of Popery, Fourierism [transcendentalism], Free Love, Woman’s Rights, the Maine law [alcohol prohibition], and above all the Equality of our Colored Brethern shall be maintained if I get into the Presidential Chair.”

22. Election of 1856 15th POTUS = Buchanan
Democrat
What was learned from this election?
Know-Nothings were on the decline.
Democrats (typically southern party) could compete in the North.
The young Republican party was a force in the North and was not to be underestimated.