1. !Complete Table of Contents! BELLWORK: Fill the box
BOX #1 :Read the article about Zircon and tell me:
1) What you learned
2) Why is it important?
YOU MUST FILL THE ENTIRE BOX

2. “The present is the key to the past.”
-James Hutton

3. Each specimen matches a number in the tin---
MINERAL DISCOVERY
Each specimen matches a number in the tin---
Don’t switch them!

4. ALL ANSWERS REQUIRED What color is it. Can you see through it
ALL ANSWERS REQUIRED What color is it? Can you see through it? How heavy is it? What shape is it? Where do you think it came from? 1 sentence How do you think it formed?

5. North Carolina Minerals
Olivine
(Plagioclase) Feldspar
Quartz
(Biotite) Mica

6. Earth’s Energy Sources
1. The Sun
2. Earth’s Core

7. After the BIG BANG Crust Inner Core Outer Core Upper Mantle
Lower Mantle

8. Geosphere UPPER MANTLE: Lithosphere – the crust & rigid upper mantle
Asthenosphere – the molten (melted) upper mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere

9. Lava vs. Magma
Magma: liquid, molten material underground in the core and mantle
Lava: magma that reaches the surface of the lithosphere

10. Mineral Definition: Naturally occurring Solid
Orderly crystal structure
Definite chemical
composition
5. Inorganic

11. How Minerals Form (4 Major Processes)
Crystallization from Magma
Precipitation (evaporated H2O)
High Pressure & Temperature
Hydrothermal (hot water) Solutions

12. Mineral vs. Non-Mineral
Iron
Steel

13. Mineral vs. Non-Mineral
Water
Diamond

14. Mineral vs. Non-Mineral
Seashell
Table Salt

15. Birthstones
January- Garnet Aug- Peridot
Feb- Amethyst Sep- Sapphire
Mar- Aquamarine Oct- Opal
Apr- Diamond Nov-Topaz
May- Emerald Dec- Zircon
June- Pearl
July- Ruby

16. What is the mineral name? How does it form?
Birthstone Info
Find out the mineral name for your birthstone and answer the following questions:
What is the mineral name?
How does it form?
What elements does it contain?
Sketch a picture
What part of the world is found in?

17. Birthstone Minerals
January- Garnet Aug- Olivine
Feb- Quartz Sep- Corundum
Mar- Beryl Oct- Opal
Apr- Diamond Nov-Topaz
May- Beryl Dec- Zircon
June- Pearl
July- Corundum

18. BRAIN POP! End of Minerals

19. Read pages: 68 and 76 What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

20. 1.What is the difference between Weathering & Erosion?
Bellwork: Box #2
**Silently Read pages 68 and 76
Answer the following questions!
1.What is the difference between Weathering & Erosion?
2. What is the difference between compaction & cementation?

21. “Let us therefore open the book of Nature and read in her records…”
James Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1788

22. ESI: Earth Science Investigation
Content Area: Science

23. ROCKS!
1. Obsidian
2. Slate
3. Granite (NC State Rock!)
4. Sandstone

24. Scientific Controversy
Prior to the 1700’s:
Society believed :All rocks formed from water and chemical precipitation
Most people thought granite crystallized from an ancient sea.

25. James Hutton: The Father of Modern Geology
Proposed a new idea…

26. Can rocks melt?!!! Where are the clues?
Hutton found clues that granite was once molten magma. There are places where the melted granite flowed
into the surrounding rock.
Can rocks melt?!!! Where are the clues?
Hutton’s fieldwork showed that granite had once been molten.

27. Scientific Controversy
NEW VIEW
All rocks originate from fire
Volcanoes release internal pressure from the interior of the earth and form rocks underground

28. Plutonist Neptunist vs. An Earth from Fire An Earth from Water
Plutonism

29. Acceptance of Topic
1830 – ACCEPTANCE Charles Lyell published, “Principles of Geology “ Scientific revolution led to the widespread acceptance of the once- radical concept that the earth was constantly changing.

30. Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere.
Topic: The Rock Cycle

31. James Hutton= Rock Cycle Contribution= Rock Cycle

32. Rocks Solid material made of a mixture of naturally occurring minerals
Grouped into 3 main types, based on how they formed
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

33. 1. Igneous Processes Intrusive rocks:
formed deep within Earth
Magma “intrudes” into existing rock
Extrusive rocks:
formed from lava at Earth’s surface
Lava cools quickly in air

34. 2. Sedimentary Processes
Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by chemical or physical means to create sediments.
Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”.
Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks.
Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water.
Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.

35. 3. Metamorphic Processes
Metamorphism:
Changing of one type of rock in to another due to -
Tremendous heat
Great pressure
Chemical reactions ( a change in composition of minerals)

36. The continuous PROCESSES that cause rocks to change over time.
The Rock Cycle
The continuous PROCESSES that cause rocks to change over time.