1. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice Created by Randye Jones June, 2018

2. Introduction 2016 marked the 100th anniversary of Harry T. Burleigh‘s publication of “Deep River,” which is considered to be the first time a Negro Spiritual was used as source material for an art song. “Deep River” inspired singers of “Classical” music to integrate Spirituals into their concert repertoire and composers to explore how their own vocal musical expressions might be enriched by inclusion of the Spiritual in their works. Who are some of the other composers and performers who have delved into the rich fount of the Negro Spiritual to create the vast range of musical expressions that make up the concert Spiritual? A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 2

3. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson These composers were born in the generation immediately following the end of the American Civil War in 1865. They were often the children of ex-slaves or they otherwise were exposed to the Negro Spiritual directly from the living sources of these songs. They continued the process, begun by the Fisk Jubilee Singers, of sharing this soul- stirring, original American music across the United States and around the world. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 3

4. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Harry (Henry) Thacker Burleigh (b. Erie, Pennsylvania, 2 December 1866; d. 12 September 1949, Stamford, Connecticut). Burleigh attended the National Conservatory of Music, where he introduced the plantation songs he had learned from his grandfather to composer Antonin Dvořák. During his professional career, Burleigh was a baritone vocalist, music editor, lecturer, and a charter member of ASCAP. His compositions included between 200-300 songs. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 4

5. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson In 1916, Burleigh wrote the song, “Deep River,” for voice and piano. By that point in his career, he had written a few vocal and instrumental works based on the plantation melodies he had learned as a child. However, his setting of “Deep River” is considered to be the first work of its kind to be written in art song form specifically for performance by a trained singer. Video performance: “Deep River” Harry T. Burleigh, composer ; Robert McFerrin, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 5

6. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson William Arms Fisher (b. 27 April 1861, San Francisco, California; d. 18 December, 1948, Brookline, Massachusetts). After rejecting a career in business, Fisher studied with composer Antonin Dvořák at the National Conservatory of Music. He edited the song collection, Sixty Irish Songs (1915) and wrote Notes on Music in Old Boston (1918), which was expanded 15 years later into One Hundred and Fifty Years of Music Publishing in the United States. Fisher has also been credited for using the Largo movement of Dvořák’s Symphony from the New World to write the words and music of the song, “Goin’ Home” (1922). A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 6

7. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Fisher compiled a setting of Spirituals, which was published in 1926. This video recording is of one of Fisher’s Seventy Negro Spirituals. Video performance: “Deep River,” William Arms Fisher, composer ; Frances Alda, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 7

8. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson John C. Payne (b. 26 June 1872, Montgomery, Alabama; d. Cornwall, England, 7 October 1952). Payne began his musical career performing with various professional quartets. The baritone, composer, choral director and actor emigrated to England, where his home quickly became “the place to be” for African American musicians–including Marian Anderson, Paul Robeson, Ethel Waters, and Alberta Hunter–who had come to Europe to establish professional careers. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 8

9. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson In the 1920’s, Payne recorded his own settings of Negro Spirituals, along with those by H. T. Burleigh, with pianist Lawrence Brown. He set five Spiritual art songs that were published by G. Schirmer in 1942. Video performance: “Standin’ in de Need o’ Prayer” John C. Payne, composer ; John C. Payne, baritone ; Lawrence Brown, tenor and piano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 9

10. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson John Rosamond Johnson (b. Jacksonville, Florida, 11 August 1873; d. New York, New York, 11 November 1954). Johnson, a composer, singer, educator and conductor, studied voice and piano at the New England Conservatory. He partnered with his brother, James Weldon Johnson, to become successful writers and performers in Vaudeville and musical theater. The pair also collaborated on the creation of the anthem, “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 10

11. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson The Johnson Brothers also collaborated on two of J. Rosamond Johnson’s African American music anthologies, The Book of American Negro Spirituals, first published in 1925, and The Second Book of Negro Spirituals, published the following year. The video is a recording of one of those songs. Video performance: “All God’s Chillin” J. Rosamond Johnson, composer Todd Duncan, baritone Todd Duncan A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 11

12. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Hugo Frey (b. 26 August 1873, Chicago, Illinois; d. 13 February 1952, New York, New York). Frey studied music at the Chicago Conservatory. He was a professional violist and pianist as well as a dance orchestra conductor and music arranger for stage, sound recordings and film. He also edited simplified versions of popular music of the era and was a charter member of ASCAP. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 12

13. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Like numerous composers of the time, Frey drew upon Negro Spirituals to write several songs for voice and piano. His “A Collection of 25 Selected Famous Negro Spirituals” was published by Robbins-Engel in 1924. Video performance: “Deep River” Hugo Frey, composer ; Odekhiren Amaize, bass-baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 13

14. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Clarence Cameron White (b. 10 August 1880, Clarksville, Tennessee; d. 30 June 1960, New York, New York). White was a violinist, composer, and educator who began his violin studies at the age of 8–including coaching with violinist Will Marion Cook, continuing his musical study at Oberlin Conservatory and in London with teachers such as composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor. White composed for both vocal and instrumental forces, continued to perform as a violinist, and served on the faculties at West Virginia State College and Hampton Institute. He was also a charter member of the National Association of Negro Musicians. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 14

15. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson “Goin’ to Shout All over God’s Heaven” was published as part of a collection of Spirituals for solo voice and piano in 1927. In the preface of the collection, White suggests that “… the Negro dialect, as sung, should not be an exaggeration of the written form of the words, whose spelling is only an approximation to the actual sound in genuine Negro dialect; and the the element of syncopation shall not lose its nature as a secondary offshoot of the rhythm of words and syllables, and be mispresented as mere musical surprise.” Video performance: “Goin’ to Shout All over God’s Heaven” Clarence Cameron White, composer Jules Bledsoe, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 15

16. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Robert Nathaniel Dett (b. Drummondsville, Ontario, Canada, 11 October 1882; d. Battle Creek, Michigan, 2 October 1943). Dett began piano study as a youth. He attended the Lockport Conservatory then studied composition and piano at the Oberlin College Conservatory, becoming the first person of African descent to receive a bachelor’s degree there. He began touring as a concert pianist and publishing music. He taught at Lane College in Tennessee, Lincoln Institute in Missouri, Hampton Institute in Virginia and Bennett College in North Carolina. His piano and choral music during those years were written to suit his teaching needs. During the summers, he studied at several other prestigious schools in the U.S. and Europe before earning his Master of Music degree from the Eastman School of Music. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 16

17. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson A choral director and educator, Dett also composed approximately 100 works for piano, chorus, and solo voice. His 1940 setting of the Spiritual, “I’m Goin’ to Tell God All My Troubles” was one of several he wrote especially for his protege, soprano Dorothy Maynor. Video performance: “I’m Goin’ To Tell God All My Troubles” R. Nathaniel Dett, composer Dorothy Maynor, soprano Dorothy Maynor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 17

18. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Florence Beatrice Smith Price (b. 9 April 1888, Little Rock, Arkansas; d. 3 June 1953, Chicago, Illinois). Music was an important part of Price’s life from an early age, as evidenced by her public performance at the age of four. She was a music teacher and composer, especially of instrumental works. One highlight in Price’s career was Marian Anderson‘s performance of the composer’s concert Spiritual, “My Soul’s Been Anchored in the Lord,” during Anderson’s 1939 Lincoln Memorial concert. That Spiritual has become a stable for not only professional singers, but for numerous voice students exploring the Spirituals repertoire.Marian Anderson A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 18

19. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson As with many of Price’s compositions, she drew upon her exposure to Negro folk music for her setting of the Spiritual, “Go Down Moses.” Video performance: “Go Down Moses” Florence Price, composer ; Richard Heard, tenor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 19

20. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Roland Hayes (b. 3 June 1887, Curryville, Georgia; d. Boston, Massachusetts, 1 January 1977) was a pioneer as a commercially successful classical musician during a period when African Americans found it nearly impossible to accomplish this feat. The tenor established an international career, becoming one of the highest paid musicians in the first third of the 20th century. He mentored singers such as Marian Anderson, Paul Robeson, Leontyne Price, Dorothy Maynor, Edward Boatner and William Warfield. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 20

21. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Hayes also composed numerous spiritual art songs. The Life of Christ is a 10-song cycle published as part of a collection of spirituals, My Favorite Spirituals: 30 Songs for Voice and Piano, in 1948. Video Performance: “Hear de Lambs a-Cryin'” from The Life of Christ Roland Hayes, composer ; Charles Holland, tenor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 21

22. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson Francis Hall Johnson (b. Athens, Georgia, 12 March 1888; d. 30 April 1970, in New York, New York) began his musical professional career as a violinist, but in time, his interest turned to choral music. Johnson formed the Hall Johnson Negro Choir, which performed with great success in concert, on the radio, and in numerous films. He was known not only for his compositions, but for the articles he authored that discussed the history of the Spiritual and their performance practice. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 22

23. Part One: The Pioneers, From H. T. Burleigh to Hall Johnson In the preface of The Hall Johnson Collection, Johnson historian Eugene Thamson Simpson wrote: “Save for the original art songs, all are unabashed in their use of Negro dialect. For a performance which is both rewarding to the singer and convincing to the audience, the texts should be delivered smoothly and without exaggeration, the beat should be steady and the rhythms easy and accurate. Like Verdi, Hall Johnson was meticulous to a fault in marking tempi and expressions in his scores, and fanatical about the observance of these markings in performance. Any temptation to apply the freedoms of the ‘Gospel style’ should be avoided.” Video performance: “Witness” Hall Johnson, composer ; Inez Matthews, mezzo-soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 23

24. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin These composers, born from the last decade of the 19th Century to the 1920s, were witnesses to or impacted by the effects of Jim Crow Laws, the Great War, the Harlem Renaissance, and World War II. Their compositional treatments of the Negro Spiritual not only reflected Neo-Romanticism, but the influences of popular music, such as Jazz and Blues, of the era. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 24

25. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Lawrence Benjamin Brown (b. 28 August, 1893; d. 25 December, 1972, New York, New York) began studying piano as a youth and quickly demonstrated a gift for playing the instrument. He continued his studies first in Boston, then to London, where he attended Trinity College and developed skills as both a pianist and composer. He became accompanist for tenor Roland Hayes, joining him for a command performance for the king of England in 1921. Brown returned to the United State in 1925 in order to further develop his knowledge of Negro Spirituals, which led to composing several concert settings for solo voice and piano. Baritone Paul Robeson introduced Brown’s songs in what is believed to be the first all-Spirituals recital in 1925. Brown toured internationally and recorded with Robeson in a collaboration that lasted until 1968. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 25

26. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Some of Brown’s Spirituals were published in The Books of American Negro Spirituals. “Dere’s a Man Goin’ Roun’ Takin’ Names” was published in 1930 in a five-song collection for voice and piano by Schott. Video performance: “Dere’s a Man Goin’ Roun’ Takin’ Names” Lawrence Brown, composer ; Paul Robeson, bass- baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 26

27. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin William Grant Still (b. 11 May 1895, Woodville, Mississippi; d. 3 December 1978, Los Angeles, California), known as the “Dean of Black Music,” studied at Wilberforce University and Oberlin College and received a Guggenheim Fellowship. His Afro-American Symphony was the first by an African American composer to be performed by a major orchestra. Still wrote for the operatic stage and for television, as well as vocal and instrumental works for the concert stage. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 27

28. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Still set few spirituals for solo vocal concert performance. He preferred, instead, to use blues elements for his inspiration. However, his setting of “Here’s One” has been recorded by several vocalists. Video performance: “Here’s One” William Grant Still, composer ; Florence Quivar, mezzo-soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 28

29. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin William Lawrence (b. Charleston, South Carolina, 20 September, 1895; d. 17 March 1981, New York, New York) The son of a church organist, Lawrence started piano lessons as a child. He studied piano, voice and harmony variously at Avery Normal Institute, Charleston, the New England Conservatory, Boston, Boston University, as well as in Paris. He toured extensively, both as accompanist for tenor Roland Hayes and as part of the Hayes Trio. He accepted a teaching position at what is now South Carolina State in Orangeburg. He moved to New York, where he conducted a music studio and worked actively as an accompanist. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 29

30. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Lawrence used one of the few instances of Communion-themed Negro Spirituals for his setting of “Let Us Break Bread Together on Our Knees.” The song was published in 1945 and was a favorite of contralto Marian Anderson. Video performance: “Let Us Break Bread Together on Our Knees” William Lawrence, composer ; Marian Anderson, contralto A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 30

31. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Robert Hunter MacGimsey (b. Pineville, Louisiana, 7 September, 1898; d. 13 March 1979, Phoenix, Arizona) received his musical training at Juilliard. After a brief career as a lawyer, he became a professional whistler, performing on the radio and in recordings. He also pursued a career as a singer and composer. His songs reflected his southern roots, especially the Negro folk songs he heard throughout his lifetime. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 31

32. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin MacGimsey’s “Sweet Little Jesus Boy” was an original song styled on Negro Spirituals and was published in 1934. In a compilation of his transcriptions, it was stated that, “When Robert transcribed an authentic spiritual, or composed a song which he had written in this context, the dialect was the primary rendition with the ‘white man’s’ vocabulary written below it; this was intended only as an interpretation of the Negro dialect and not as an alternative lyrics for the song.” The song has been performed and recorded extensively over the years. Video performance: “Sweet Little Jesus Boy” Robert MacGimsey, composer ; Carol Brice, contralto A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 32

33. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Edward Hammond Boatner (b. 13 November 1898, New Orleans, Louisiana; d. New York, New York, 16 June 1981) Boatner was exposed to Negro folksongs while traveling from church to church with his father, a preacher. He studied at Western University, Quindaro, Kansas, the Boston Conservatory, and the Chicago Musical College, where he earned his bachelor of music. R. Nathaniel Dett gave him coaching and went with him on a joint tour of New England. He taught at Samuel Huston College and Wiley College in Texas, and he served as director of music for the National Baptist Convention. Boatner moved to New York where, in addition to becoming a successful singer and educator, he became a composer of Spirituals. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 33

34. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Boatner’s works included over 200 Spirituals for solo voice and piano. Several were premiered by such singers as H. T. Burleigh, Roland Hayes, and Marian Anderson. A compilation of his Spirituals was published in 1985. Video performance: “City Called Heaven” Edward Boatner, composer ; Mattiwilda Dobbs, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 34

35. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Hamilton Forrest (b. 8 January 1901, Chicago, Illinois; d. 26 December 1963, London, England) completed his bachelor’s and master’s musical studies at the American Conservatory of Music, Chicago. During his extensive travels, he researched and collected folk music in Kentucky before establishing himself in England. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 35

36. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Forrest’s setting of “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand” was published in 1951. He dedicated the Spiritual to contralto Marian Anderson, who regularly programmed the song in her recitals. Anderson was noted as stating that Forrest “provided a piano part that fits the words like a glove.” Video Performance: “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand” Hamilton Forrest, composer ; Martina Arroyo, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 36

37. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin John Wesley Work III (b. 15 July 1901, Tullahoma, Tennessee; d. 17 May 1967, Nashville, Tennessee) was born into a musical family, where his mother was a trained singer, his father was a music professor at Fisk, and his paternal grandfather was a church choral director who had worked with some of the original members of the Fisk Jubilee Singers. Unsurprisingly, his musical studies started at an early age, leading to undergraduate study at Fisk, additional study at the Institute of Musical Art (later renamed Julliard), a master’s degree from Columbia, a second bachelor’s from Yale, and an honorary doctorate from Fisk. In addition to his music teaching and administrative duties at Fisk, he extensively wrote scholarly articles and participated in a major field study of Mississippi Delta folk songs for the Library of Congress. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 37

38. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin As a composer, Work wrote for a variety of solo and ensemble forces, but he focused on choral and solo vocal music. He composed “This Little Light o’ Mine” for solo voice, and he published American Negro Songs and Spirituals: a Comprehensive Collection of 230 Folk Songs, Religious and Secular in 1940. Video performance: “This Little Light o’ Mine” John Wesley Work III, composer ; Kevin Maynor, bass A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 38

39. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Undine Smith Moore (b. Jarrett, Virginia, 25 August 1904; d. Petersburg, Virginia, 6 February 1989) Smith Moore, the granddaughter of former slaves, began studying piano as a child. She completed her undergraduate studies at Fisk and received her master’s degree from Columbia University Teachers College, with additional study at Julliard, Manhattan School of Music and Eastman. She taught first in the Goldsboro, North Carolina, public school system and a 45-year tenure at Virginia State College. She shared her interest in the music of Black America through workshops and lectures across the United States. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 39

40. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin While Smith Moore primarily composed choral works, including the Pulitzer Prize-nominated Scenes from the Life of a Martyr, she also wrote a number of chamber and orchestral works, as well as solo works for voice and for various solo instruments. Video performance: “Is There Anybody Here Who Loves My Jesus” Undine Smith Moore, composer ; Pamela Dillard, mezzo-soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 40

41. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Margaret Jeanette Allison Bonds (b. 3 March 1913, Chicago, Illinois; d. 26 April 1972, Los Angeles, California) received her bachelor’s and master’s degrees in music from Northwestern University, with additional study at the Juilliard School. The pianist was the first African American to perform with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. An educator and composer, Bonds wrote works for the theater, ballet, orchestra, and piano, but the majority were art and popular songs. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 41

42. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Bonds composed concert Spirituals such as her cycle, Five Creek-Freedmen Spirituals. Her best known Spiritual, however, is her setting of “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand”, commissioned by Leontyne Price in 1963. Video performance: “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand” Margaret Bonds, composer ; Leontyne Price, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 42

43. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Thomas Henderson Kerr, Jr. (b. Baltimore, Maryland, 3 January 1915; d. Washington, DC, 26 August 1988) Kerr attended the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester, New York, where he received the Bachelor of Music degree. He joined the faculty at Howard University, Washington, DC, in 1943 and served for 35 years as a piano and composition instructor and organist. He also toured extensively as a concert pianist. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 43

44. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Kerr composed primarily for the organ; however, he also wrote piano, choral, and solo vocal works, including the Negro Spiritual, “Great Day.” Video performance: “Great Day” Thomas Kerr, Jr., composer ; Jessye Norman, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 44

45. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Julia Amanda Perry (Born, 25 March 1924, Lexington, Kentucky; died, Akron, Ohio, 24 April 1979). Born into a musical family, Perry moved to Akron, where she studied music in the public school and then at Akron University, Westminister Choir College. She continued her studies at Julliard, Berkshire Music Center, and composition and orchestral conducting in Europe. Perry taught at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University and at Atlanta University. Perry twice earned the Guggenheim Fellowship; she was also recipient of a Boulanger Grand Prix and an award from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 45

46. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Perry gained international acclaim for her Stabat Mater for contralto and string orchestra. Her compositions included over 50 works for a variety of solo instruments and large and small ensembles, as well as solo vocal and choral works. Video presentation: “I’m a poor little orphan in this world!” Julia Perry, composer ; Shirley Verrett, mezzo-soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 46

47. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Hale Smith (b. Cleveland, Ohio, 29 June 1925; d. 24 November 2009, Freeport, Long Island, New York) Smith received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in music from the Cleveland Institute of Music. After moving to New York in 1958, professional career included serving as an editor and music choral consultant for various music publishing houses and teaching at Long Island University and the University of Connecticut, Storrs. He has composed numerous orchestral and chamber works, as well as several choral and solo vocal pieces. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 47

48. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Smith classified his writing style as working “with a few, key motivic ideas.” He used both European techniques and Black jazz and folk music influences in his writing. His setting of “This Little Light of Mine” was composed in 1986 and published by his Halsco publishing company. Video presentation: “I Want to Die Easy” Hale Smith, composer ; Donnie Ray Albert, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 48

49. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Robert Lee Owens (b. 4 February 1925, Dennison, Texas; d. 5 January, 2017, Munich, Germany) began his musical training at an early age, first in piano and, by high school, music theory and composition. As a pianist, educator and composer, he became acquainted with poet Langston Hughes, who became one of several 19th- and 20th-century poets whose texts Owens used in his compositions. He emigrated to Germany, where he sought professional musical opportunities he believed he would not find in the United States. Over his career, Owens used his exposure to Western European and American stylistic practices to create his own distinctive compositional approach. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 49

50. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin “Po’ Mourner’s Got a Home at Las'” was the third of six Spirituals Owens selected for bass (baritone) and piano. The cycle, Six Negro Spirituals for Bass (Baritone) and Piano, was published in 2005. Video presentation: “Po’ Mourner’s Got a Home at Las'” Robert Owens, composer ; Oral Moses, bass-baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 50

51. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Betty Lou Jackson King (b. 17 February 1928, Chicago, Illinois; d. Wildwood, New Jersey, 1 June 1994). After completing her education in music composition, she developed a career as an educator, church musician, lecturer, choral director, composer, and music publisher. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 51

52. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Jackson King, along with composers Roland Carter and Wendell Whalum, each contributed two spiritual settings to God Is a God. Carter stated that there is no clear order to the placement of the pieces, leaving their organization to the performer’s discretion. “Calvary” was dedicated to baritone William Warfield and is described as depicting, “… the horrors of the crucifixion with dissonant harmonies in the piano accompaniment as the introduction that returns with each voice. In the bass you hear the hammering and the death knell that becomes more insistent with each verse. This is best suited for a low voice and requires dramatic intensity.” Video presentation: “Calvary” Betty Jackson King, composer ; Robert Honeysucker, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 52

53. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin Lena Mae (née Johnson) McLin (b. 5 September 1929, Atlanta, Georgia) was raised in the home of her uncle, Gospel music great Thomas A. Dorsey, whose choir she accompanied. After receiving her bachelor’s degree in music from Spelman College and master’s from the American Conservatory of Music, McLin taught music in the Chicago public school system. She instructed several students who went on to professional careers in Classical and popular music. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 53

54. Part Two: The Second Generation, From Lawrence Brown to Lena McLin A choral director, lecturer, author and ordained minister, McLin is also credited as a composer of over 400 choral and solo vocal works, as well as instrumental and electronic compositions. Video presentation: “Glory, Glory, Hallelujah” Lena McLin, composer ; Mark Rucker, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 54

55. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Wendell Phillips Whalum, Sr. (b. 4 September 1931, Memphis, Tennessee; d. Atlanta, Georgia, 9 June 1987) was a musically active youth performing at churches in Memphis. Whalum matriculated to Morehouse College and Columbia University, finishing his doctoral study at the University of Iowa. He taught at Morehouse for over 40 years and directed its choir to international acclaim. Also known for his skills as an instructor, organist, and musicologist, he composed numerous works for chorus and solo voice. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 55

56. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Whalum, along with composers Betty Jackson King and Roland Carter, each contributed two Spiritual settings to God Is a God. Carter stated that there is no clear order to the placement of the pieces, leaving their organization to the performer’s discretion. Video presentation: “God Is a God” Wendell Whalum, composer ; Kenneth Overton, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 56

57. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo John Daniels Carter (b. 19 April 1932, St. Louis, Missouri; d. 24 July 1981, Hempstead, New York) studied music at Florida A&M University and piano and composition at Oberlin. Carter served as composer-in-residence with the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, DC, in 1968 and was an instructor at Federal City College, Washington, in the 1970’s. As a pianist, Carter toured extensively, accompanying performers such as tenor William Brown. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 57

58. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Carter’s Cantata was published in 1964. The five-song vocal suite was premiered by soprano Leontyne Price at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC. The composer talked about his work in an interview with famed musicologist Dominique-René de Lerma: Cantata is based on a few well-known spirituals. I was always curious that Black composers rarely concerned themselves with this music. They’ve been arranged, but Black composers have not cared for their folk music as have Chopin or Bartók, for example… This is what I decided to do with this material, with one movement for each of the five spirituals. The first, for piano alone, is the “Prelude.” Second is a rondo, based on “Peter, Go Ring Them Bells.” “Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child” is third, as an air, and then comes “Let Us Break Bread Together.” The last movement is a toccata, “Ride on, King Jesus…” As for the melodies, a lot of spirituals are pentatonic, and twelve minutes of five-note melodies might not be too interesting so I’ve not hesitated to alter the melodies. Video presentation: “Toccata” (from Cantata) John Carter, composer ; Ray Wade, Jr., tenor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 58

59. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson (b. 14 June 1932, New York, New York; d. 9 March 2004, Chicago, Illinois) came from a musical family background and attended New York’s High School of Music and Art and New York University. After receiving his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the Manhattan School of Music, he accepted positions as an instructor at Brooklyn College and as conductor of the Brooklyn Community Symphony Orchestra while continuing his musical studies in orchestral conducting at the Salzburg Mozarteum. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 59

60. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Perkinson’s professional career reflected his musical stylistic range, spanning the Classical, Blues, and Jazz worlds as a pianist, conductor, arranger and composer– including ballet and film musical scores–for instrumental and vocal solos and ensembles. Video presentation: “O Freedom” Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson, composer ; George Shirley, tenor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 60

61. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Jacqueline Butler Hairston (b. 18 December, 1938, Charlotte, North Carolina) is a composer, educator, choral director and pianist who studied at Julliard, Howard University, and Columbia University. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 61

62. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Sharing an interest in the heritage of African American folk music with her cousin, composer Jester Hairston (1901-2000), she has used Spirituals to compose songs that have been performed and recorded by professional choral and solo vocal performers. Video presentation: “Guide My Feet” Jacqueline Hairston, composer ; Louise Toppin, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 62

63. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Robert Leigh Morris (b. Chicago, Illinois, 22 April 1941). Morris received his bachelor’s degree from DePaul University in Chicago, with graduate studies at Indiana University, Bloomington, and The University of Iowa, Iowa City. He served as choral director at Hampton University, Virginia, Winston-Salem State University, North Carolina, and at Jackson State University in Mississippi before accepting his current post as Director of Choral Activities for Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota, and he was choral arranger for Edward “Duke” Ellington as well as founder of the Leigh Morris Chorale. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 63

64. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Morris has composed numerous works for mixed chorus, most of which use Afrocentric folk themes. His Lyric Suite: A Collection of Spirituals in Gospel Style is a solo vocal song cycle written in 1970 and published in 2000. Vocal presentation: “Gospel Blues,” from Lyric Suite Robert L. Morris, composer ; Calesta “Callie” Day, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 64

65. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Roland Marvin Carter (b. 4 May 1942, Chattanooga, Tennessee) studied music at Hampton University, New York University, the Catholic University of America and the Aspen Choral Institute. His career as an educator includes his current professorial position at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. He has focused on the preservation of the Negro spiritual both as a composer of choral and solo works and as an accompanist and choral director. He served a six-year term as president of the National Association of Negro Musicians. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 65

66. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Carter, along with composers Wendell Whalum and Betty Jackson King, each contributed two Spiritual settings to God Is a God. Carter stated that there is no clear order to the placement of the pieces, leaving their organization to the performer’s discretion. Video presentation: “Is There Anybody Who Loves My Jesus” Roland Carter, composer ; Benjamin Matthews, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 66

67. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Uzee Brown, Jr. (b. 14 November, 1942, Cowpens, South Carolina) studied at Morehouse College, received his master’s degree in composition from Bowling Green State University, with a second master’s and his doctoral degree in performance at the University of Michigan. Brown developed a career as an operatic and concert vocalist, researcher and educator, serving as chair of the Music Department at Morehouse. He was also president of the National Association of Negro Musicians. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 67

68. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo “Aint A That Good News” is part of Brown’s first eight-Spirituals collection, O Redeemed!, which was published in 1994 and recorded on the CD, Great Day! Spirituals, in 2005. In this video, Brown discussed his approach to composing this setting, especially why the piano part often functions as “the chorus.”Great Day! Spirituals Video presentation: “Ain’t A That Good News” Uzee Brown, Jr., composer ; Uzee Brown, Jr. baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 68

69. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Charles Lloyd, Jr. (b. 22 September 1948, Toledo, Ohio). Lloyd received his Bachelor of Science in music education from Norfolk State University and Master of Music from the University of Michigan. Since he was first exposed to Spirituals during his studies at Norfolk State–with further study of Spirituals encouraged by Michigan’s voice department chair, Willis Patterson, Lloyd has composed songs for solo voice and for chorus as well as operatic and instrumental works. He joined the music faculty at the Southern University in Baton Rouge and has been active as a piano accompanist. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 69

70. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo A number of Lloyd’s works have been recorded but not credited to the composer. However, he is listed as composer for this setting of “Were You There,” which was published as part of The Spiritual Art Song Collection in 2000. In a 2010 interview, Lloyd talked about his approach to composing Spirituals: “I did not take composition classes or anything like that; my understanding was based on the spirituals. Those medieval modes, church modes tend to slip into the spirituals. You know spirituals make use of the Dorian mode, and sometimes the Lydian and Mixolydian modes… and the blues tones, flatted fifth, and when you mess around with the thirds, and sevenths… and I think that has become my style.” Video presentation: “Were You There” Charles Lloyd, Jr., composer ; Laura English-Robinson, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 70

71. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Evelyn Simpson-Curenton (b. 1953, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was born into a professional musical family. After beginning her piano studies at an early age, she attended Temple University, completing her undergraduate degree in music education and voice. She has been active as an educator, pianist, organist, and composer of music for a variety of music entities. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 71

72. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Simpson-Curenton was a commissioned participant in the Negro Spirituals concert, featuring sopranos Kathleen Battle and Jessye Norman, at Carnegie Hall. Simpson-Curenton’s “Oh, Glory,” was set for soprano (Battle), flute and harp. Video presentation: “Oh, Glory!” Evelyn Simpson-Curenton, composer ; Kathleen Battle, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 72

73. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Mark Hayes (b. 28 March 1953, Ladysmith, Wisconsin) holds a Bachelor of Music degree in piano performance from Baylor University. While his professional musical career has focused on choral composition and conducting, as well as piano concertizing, Hayes has composed and published works for various instrumental forces and for solo voices. His works reflect influences from sacred and secular musical styles, from Gospel and Jazz to Folk and Classical. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 73

74. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo “Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho” is included in the 10 Spirituals for Solo Voice: For Concerts, Contests, Recitals, and Worship, which is part of a multi-volume collection of songs by Hayes. Video presentation: “Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho” Mark Hayes, composer ; Indra Thomas, soprano A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 74

75. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Moses George Hogan (b. 13 March 1957, New Orleans, Louisiana; d. 11 February 2003, New Orleans, Louisiana) Hogan graduated from the New Orleans Center for Creative Arts and the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Known first as a concert pianist, Hogan began organizing choral groups and composing for chorus as well as for solo voice. He was editor of the collection, Oxford Book of Spirituals. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 75

76. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Hogan’s solo vocal setting of “Walk Together Children” was published in 2000 as part of the Deep River Collection, which was set for both high and low voices. Video presentation: “Walk Together, Children” Moses Hogan, composer ; Derek Lee Ragin, countertenor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 76

77. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Victor Kris Labenske (b. 26 December 1963, Jonesboro, Arkansas), is a pianist, educator, and composer who studied piano performance at Point Loma Nazarene University (BA), University of Missouri-Kansas City (MM) and the University of Southern California (DMA). In addition to serving on the music faculty at Point Nazarene for more than 30 years, he is credited as a composer of over 500 works for piano and other instrumental or vocal forces. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 77

78. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Labenske published Concert Hall Spirituals: Settings for Piano and Voice, his setting of ten Spirituals, including “Give Me Jesus,” in 1999. Video presentation: “Give Me Jesus” Victor Labenske, composer and piano ; John Craig Johnson, baritone A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 78

79. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Damien LeChateau Sneed (b. 30 January 1977, Augusta, Georgia) is a multi-faceted musician whose abilities have expressed themselves since he began piano study at age three. He received his bachelor’s in piano performance from Howard University, master’s in music technology from New York University, with additional study at Peabody Conservatory and the Manhattan School of Music. He has served as accompanist for numerous professional Classical and Jazz performers as well as performing as a piano soloist. In addition to his roles as educator, music producer, and choral director, he has composed, arranged and orchestrated music for a variety of musical forces. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 79

80. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Sneed collaborated with tenor Lawrence Brownlee on Spiritual Sketches, a recording of Sneed’s Spirituals. The 8 July 2013 review in Opera Today stated: “Mr. Sneed’s arrangements are superb, his consummate musicality apparent in the both the idiomatic power and adroitness of harmonic progressions and his sense of drama evident in his frequent but unerringly effective demands upon Mr. Brownlee’s upper register. As a pianist, Mr. Sneed plays with absolute command of the material, shaping phrases with the rhapsodic dash of a great jazz pianist and supporting Mr. Brownlee with the collaborative precision of a Lieder accompanist.” Video presentation: “Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child” Damien Sneed, composer and piano ; Lawrence Brownlee, tenor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 80

81. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Shawn Ehireime Okpebholo (b. 28 March 1981, Lexington, Kentucky) completed his undergraduate studies in composition and music history from Asbury College, and he earned his master’s and doctoral degrees in composition and theory from the University of Cincinnati, College-Conservatory of Music. In addition to his burgeoning career as a composer of vocal and instrumental music, he currently teaches music composition and theory at Wheaton College Conservatory of Music. A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 81

82. Part Three: The Now Generation, From Wendell Whalum to Shawn Okpebholo Okpebholo set “Ev’ry Time I Feel the Spirit” as part of his collection, Steal Away. In the program notes of CD recording of this collection, he stated, “My compositional process involved hours of engaging the texts and reflecting on the honest lyrics that are often multidimensional and complex, yet simply expressed, humbly, in slave vernacular. The messages are discerning and personal. They evoke the hard truths of slavery in such a meaningful and even beautiful way: the inhumanity, the tragedy, and the scars, which still in many ways remain unhealed on the back of America. Yet somehow, despite hard truths and devastating context, the most compelling features of these songs may be the elements of hope that are ubiquitous throughout their texts.” Video presentation: “Ev’ry Time I Feel the Spirit” Shawn Okpebholo, composer ; Will Liverman, tenor A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 82

83. Discography & Scores Bibliography Discography Most of the videos presented in this document were created by Randye Jones and are posted with numerous others on her Divaslair YouTube page. The audio recordings used for those videos and other videos are listed below, with links to additional information about the tracks:Divaslair YouTube page Albert, Donnie Ray. Donnie Ray Albert in Recital Cinnabar Records CNB1402, 2003, compact disc.Donnie Ray Albert in Recital Alda, Frances. “Deep River.” Victor B-19121, 1917, 10-in.Deep River Anderson, Marian. Spirituals. VAI Audio VAIA 1168, 1998, compact disc.Spirituals Arroyo, Martina. Spirituals. Centaur Records, CRC 2060, compact disc.Spirituals Battle, Kathleen. Spirituals in Concert. Deutsche Grammophon 429 790-2, 1991, compact disc.Spirituals in Concert Bledsoe, Jules. Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?. Pearl Gemm CD 9484, 1991, compact disc.Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? Brice, Carol. The Christmas Album. Sony Classical MHK 63309, 1997, compact disc.The Christmas Album Brown, Jr., Uzee. Great Day!. [Private label], 2005, compact disc.Great Day! Brownlee, Lawrence. Spiritual Sketches. LeChateau Earl Records, 2013, compact disc.Spiritual Sketches A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 83

84. Discography & Scores Bibliography Discography (cont.) Day, Calesta. Swing Low, Sweet Chariot. American Spiritual Ensemble, 2011, compact disc.Swing Low, Sweet Chariot Dillard, Pamela. Watch and Pray. Koch International Classics 3-7247-2H1, 1994, compact disc.Watch and Pray Dobbs, Mattiwilda. Tva Sidor Av Mattiwilda Dobbs Och Gotthard Arner. Proprius 25 04-02-0004, 19–, long-playing disc.Tva Sidor Av Mattiwilda Dobbs Och Gotthard Arner Duncan, Todd. Todd Duncan Sings Spirituals. Royale EP181, 195-, 45 rpm disc.Todd Duncan Sings Spirituals English-Robinson, Laura. Let It Shine. ACA Digital Recording CM20020, 1994, compact disc.Let It Shine Hayes, Roland. Good News: Vintage Negro Spirituals. Living Era AJA 5622, 2006, compact disc.Good News: Vintage Negro Spirituals Heard, Richard. My Dream: Art Songs and Spirituals. Percentage Records/Sound of Art Recordings CD147597, 2012, compact disc.My Dream: Art Songs and Spirituals Hendricks, Barbara. Spirituals. EMI Classics 0946 346641 2 7, 2005, compact disc.Spirituals Holland, Charles. My Lord What a Mornin’. Musical Heritage Society MHS 512250K, 1988, compact disc.My Lord What a Mornin’ Honeysucker, Robert. Watch and Pray: Spirituals and Art Songs by African-American Women Composers. Koch International Classics 3-7247-2H1, 1994, compact disc.Watch and Pray: Spirituals and Art Songs by African-American Women Composers A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 84

85. Discography & Scores Bibliography Discography (cont.) Liverman, Will. Steal Away. Yellow Einstein, 2014, compact disc.Steal Away Matthews, Benjamin. A Balm in Gilead. Ebony Classic Recordings ECR 0001, 2000, compact disc.A Balm in Gilead Matthews, Inez. Inez Matthews Sings Spirituals. Essential Media Group, 2011, compact disc.Inez Matthews Sings Spirituals Maynor, Dorothy. Dorothy Maynor in Concert at Library of Congress. Library of Congress, Music Division LCM 2141, 2007, compact disc.Dorothy Maynor in Concert at Library of Congress Maynor, Kevin. Songs of America from Another American. Guild GMCD 7247, 2002, compact disc.Songs of America from Another American McFerrin, Robert. Deep River and Other Classic Negro Spirituals. Washington Records WLP 466, 1959, long-playing disc.Deep River and Other Classic Negro Spirituals Moses, Oral. Amen! African-American Composers of the 20th Century. Albany Records TROY459, 2001, compact disc.Amen! African-American Composers of the 20th Century Norman, Jessye. Spirituals. Philips 400 019-2, 1981, compact disc.Spirituals Overman, Kenneth. Been in de Storm so Long (Songs My Fathers Taught Me). American Spiritual Ensemble, 2012, compact disc.Been in de Storm so Long (Songs My Fathers Taught Me) A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 85

86. Discography & Scores Bibliography Discography (cont.) Payne, John C. Black Europe: Sounds & Images of Black People in Europe Pre-1927. Bear Family Productions BCD 16095, 2013, compact disc.Black Europe: Sounds & Images of Black People in Europe Pre-1927 Price, Leontyne. Leontyne Price reDiscovered. BMG Classics 09026-68157-2, 1996, compact disc.Leontyne Price reDiscovered Quivar, Florence. Ride on King Jesus: African-American Spirituals. EMI Classics 9 67138 2, 2010, compact disc.Ride on King Jesus: African-American Spirituals Ragin, Derek Lee. Negro Spirituals. Virgin Classics 0946 363305 2 5, 2006, compact disc.Negro Spirituals Robeson, Paul. The EMI Sessions 1928-1939 EMI Classics 2 15586 2, 1998, compact disc.The EMI Sessions 1928-1939 Rucker, Mark. Mark Rucker sings Lena McLin: songs for voice & piano. Kjos Music Press KCD8, 2002, compact disc.Mark Rucker sings Lena McLin: songs for voice & piano Shirley, George. The New Negro Spiritual W. C. Patterson, 2002, Score with compact disc.The New Negro Spiritual Taylor, Darryl. How Sweet the Sound. Albany TROY1244, 2011, compact disc.How Sweet the Sound A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 86

87. Discography & Scores Bibliography Discography (cont.) Thomas, Indra. Great Day! Indra Thomas Sings Spirituals. Delos DE 3427, 2012, compact disc.Great Day! Indra Thomas Sings Spirituals Toppin, Louise. Ah! Love, But a Day. Albany Records/Videmus TROY 385, 2000, compact disc.Ah! Love, But a Day Verrett, Shirley. Gospels & Spirituals Gold Collection. Retro R2CD 40-26, 1995, compact disc.Gospels & Spirituals Gold Collection Wade, Jr., Ray. Sence You Went Away. Albany Records TROY 388, 1998, compact disc.Sence You Went Away Music Score Bibliography Entries link to sites where the score is available for purchase, either as part of a collection or as sheet music. Boatner, Edward. “City Called Heaven.” In The Story of the Spirituals. Melville, NY: Belwin Mills, 1973.The Story of the Spirituals Bonds, Margaret. “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand.” In In His Hand: Seven Spirituals Arranged by Margaret Bonds. [King of Prussia]: Theodore Presser, 2010.In His Hand: Seven Spirituals Arranged by Margaret Bonds Brown, Lawrence. “Dere’s a Man Goin’ Roun’ Takin’ Names.” In Negro Folk Songs. New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1930.Negro Folk Songs Brown, Jr., Uzee. “Aint A That Good News.” In O Redeemed!. Dayton, OH: R. Dean Pub., 1994.O Redeemed! A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 87

88. Discography & Scores Bibliography Music Score Bibliography (cont.) Burleigh, Harry Thacker. “Deep River.” In The Spirituals of Harry T. Burleigh (High voice) (Low voice). Melville, N.Y.: Belwin-Mills, 1984.High voiceLow voice Carter, John. “Toccata.” In Cantata for High Voice and Piano Reduction. New York: Southern Music, 1964.Cantata for High Voice and Piano Reduction Carter, Roland. “Is There Anybody Who Loves My Jesus.” Chattanooga, TN: Mar-Vel.Is There Anybody Who Loves My Jesus Dett, Robert Nathaniel. “I’m Goin’ to tell God All My Troubles.” Fisher, William Arms. “Deep River.” In Seventy Negro Spirituals For High Voice. Boston, Oliver Ditson Co.; New York, C.H. Ditson & Co., 1926.Seventy Negro Spirituals For High Voice Forrest, Hamilton. “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand.” New York: Mills Music, 1951.He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand Hairston, Jacqueline. “Guide My Feet.” In New Negro Spiritual, compiled by Willis Patterson. [Place of publication not identified] : [W.C. Patterson], 2002.New Negro Spiritual Hayes, Mark. “Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho.” In 10 Spirituals for Solo Voice: For Concerts, Contests, Recitals, and Worship (Medium High voice) (Medium Low voice). Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Pub., 1998.Medium High voiceMedium Low voice A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 88

89. Discography & Scores Bibliography Music Score Bibliography (cont.) Hayes, Roland. “Hear de Lambs a-Cryin’” from The Life of Christ. In My Favorite Spirituals: 30 Songs for Voice and Piano. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2001.My Favorite Spirituals: 30 Songs for Voice and Piano Hogan, Moses. “Walk Together, Children.” In The Deep River Collection (High voice) (Low voice). Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard, 2000.High voiceLow voice Johnson, Hall. “Witness.” In The Hall Johnson Collection. New York: Carl Fischer, 2003.The Hall Johnson Collection Jackson King, Betty. “Calvary.” In Art Songs and Spirituals by African-American Women Composers, compiled by Vivian Taylor. Mount Airy, PA: Hildegard Publishing, 2000.Art Songs and Spirituals by African-American Women Composers Johnson, John Rosamond & James Weldon Johnson. “All God’s Chillin.” In The Books of the American Negro Spirituals. New York: DaCapo, 2000?The Books of the American Negro Spirituals Kerr, Jr., Thomas. “Great Day.” In New Negro Spiritual, compiled by Willis Patterson. [Place of publication not identified] : [W.C. Patterson], 2002.New Negro Spiritual Lawrence, William. “Let Us Break Bread Together on Our Knees.” Boston: McLaughlin & Reilly, 1945.Let Us Break Bread Together on Our Knees Lloyd, Jr., Charles. “Were You There.” In The Spiritual Art Song Collection. Miami, FL: Warner Bros. Publications, 2000.The Spiritual Art Song Collection A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 89

90. Discography & Scores Bibliography Music Score Bibliography (cont.) MacGimsey, Robert. “Sweet Little Jesus Boy,” (Medium voice) (Low voice). New York: C. Fischer, 1934.Medium voiceLow voice McLin, Lena. “Glory, Glory, Hallelujah.” In Songs for Voice And Piano. San Diego, CA: Kjos Music Press, 2002.Songs for Voice And Piano Moore, Undine Smith. “Is There Anybody Here Who Loves My Jesus.” In Art Songs and Spirituals by African-American Women Composers, compiled by Vivian Taylor. Mount Airy, PA: Hildegard Publishing, 2000.Art Songs and Spirituals by African-American Women Composers Morris, Robert L. “Gospel Blues.” In Lyric Suite: A Collection of Spirituals in Gospel Style. Dayton, Ohio: Roger Dean Pub., 2000.Lyric Suite: A Collection of Spirituals in Gospel Style Okepebholo, Shawn. “Ev’ry Time I Feel the Spirit.” In Steal Away. Owens, Robert. “Po’ Mourner’s Got a Home at Las.’” In Six Negro Spirituals for Bass (Baritone) and Piano. Salzgitter: Ostinato-Musikverlag, 2005.Six Negro Spirituals for Bass (Baritone) and Piano Payne, John C. “Standin’ in de Need o’ Prayer.” In Negro Spirituals Arranged by John Payne: For Low Voice. New York: G. Schirmer, 1942.Negro Spirituals Arranged by John Payne: For Low Voice Perkinson, Coleridge-Taylor. “O Freedom.” In New Negro Spiritual, compiled by Willis Patterson. [Place of publication not identified] : [W.C. Patterson], 2002.New Negro Spiritual Perry, Julia. “I’m a Poor Little Orphan in This World!” In Art Songs and Spirituals by African-American Women Composers, compiled by Vivian Taylor. Mount Airy, PA: Hildegard Publishing, 2000.Art Songs and Spirituals by African-American Women Composers A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 90

91. Discography & Scores Bibliography Music Score Bibliography (cont.) Price, Florence. “Go Down Moses.” In 44 Art Songs and Spirituals by Florence B. Price for Medium/High Voice and Piano. Fayetteville, AR: Clarnan Editions, 2015.44 Art Songs and Spirituals by Florence B. Price for Medium/High Voice and Piano Simpson-Curenton, Evelyn. “Oh, Glory.” Smith, Hale. “I Want to Die Easy.” In New Negro Spiritual, compiled by Willis Patterson. [Place of publication not identified] : [W.C. Patterson], 2002.New Negro Spiritual Sneed, Damien. “Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.” In Spiritual Sketches. [Place of publication not identified] : Lechateau Arts Publ., 2013.Spiritual Sketches Still, William Grant. “Here’s One.” Bryn Mawr, Pa.: J. Church, 1996.Here’s One Whalum, Wendell. “God Is a God.” Chattanooga, TN: Mar-Vel.God Is a God White, Clarence Cameron. “Goin’ to Shout All over God’s Heaven.” In Forty Negro Spirituals: Compiled and Arranged for Solo Voice. Philadelphia: T. Presser, 1927.Forty Negro Spirituals: Compiled and Arranged for Solo Voice Work, John W. “This Little Light o’ Mine.” New York: Galaxy Music, 1945.This Little Light o’ Mine A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 91

92. Contact Information Presentation created from A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice by Randye Jones, accessed at http://spirituals-database.com/a-century-of- negro-spirituals-for-solo-voice-the-pioneershttp://spirituals-database.com/a-century-of- negro-spirituals-for-solo-voice-the-pioneers Contact: Randye Jones, ansdiscog@spirituals-database.comansdiscog@spirituals-database.com 641-821-0188 PO Box 281, Grinnell, IA USA 50112 A Century of Negro Spirituals for Solo Voice - Created by Randye Jones, June 2018 92