2. LED Poultry Lighting: Energy and Production Efficiency
Michael J. Ostaffe EVP, Once Innovations Inc.

3. Copyright Notice
This presentation is sole property of Once Innovations, Inc. Data in this presentation is subject to copyright. No portion of this presentation may be reproduced in any manner, or published in whole or in part without the prior written consent of Once Innovations™, Inc.
Once Innovations makes no representations as to the accuracy, completeness, or fairness of this presentation. So far as is permitted by law, no responsibility or liability whatsoever is accepted by Once Innovations for the accuracy or sufficiency thereof, or for any errors, omissions, or misstatements relating thereto.

4. Introduction Once Innovations Mike Ostaffe, EVP
Plymouth, MN company focused on designing LED Technology and Lighting Solutions, and manufacturing LED-based lighting products for Agricultural markets
Mike Ostaffe, EVP
EE, MBA, product leadership experience with GE, Philips, and Honeywell

5. What is Light?
Light is electromagnetic radiation, particularly radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the human eye (about 400–700 nm)

6. What creates light? Incandescent bulb Fluorescent bulb
Heating of a filament by the current flowing through it creates light through incandescence
Fluorescent bulb
An electrical arc passing through a mercury vapor creates UV rays which strike phosphors coating the inside of the glass tube. These phosphors emit photons (fluoresce) in very narrow wavelengths
Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulb
A solid state device (P-N Junction semiconductor) that converts electrical energy directly into light through a process called electroluminescence

7. LED Basics P-Type matrix with electron hole
N-Type matrix with free electron
Free electrons cross the junction to fill the holes. Energy released during this transition is in the form of light (heat in regular diodes)

8. So what is so special about LED-based lighting?
An LED is a solid state device with no filament or high voltage arcs
In basic form, LEDs are a highly efficient monochromatic light source
Monochromatic LEDs are by far more efficient than any other available light source (10 to 50 times)
White LEDs are manufactured by combination of blue or near UV LEDs with RGB phosphors
White LEDs are one of the most efficient light sources (800% greater than incandescent, 30 to 50% greater than CFL)
Very long life- in excess of 50,000 hours

9. AC LED Technology has many benefits
No need for a switch-mode power supply driver
Less complicated design
Fewer parts
Lower chance of failure
Improved circuit efficiency and lamp efficacy
Greatly improve power quality
Power Factor >.97
THD < 20%
Operates at 120Hz, above the range of human/poultry frequency response (approx Hz)

10. State of the Market
LEDs continue to gain investment, press, and market share
Largest Market Opportunities
Street/Area Lighting
Office Lighting
Home and Retail
PAR30
A19 – W lamps

11. LED Developments 75-100W Announcements at Lightfair
$45-50 for home LED in 4Q
Improvements in die-level efficacy

12. Commercial Lamp Comparison
100W Incandescent
23W CFL
17W LED (Lightfair Announcement)
75W Incandescent
18W CFL
13-15W LED
60W Incandescent
9-13W CFL
10W LED

13. Additional LED Reading
has many LED/SSL groups that are very active

14. Types of Light Sensitivity \ Photoreception: How do we “See”
Humans and Poultry
Retinal Reception – Photon absorption by photo-pigments rhodopsin (rods), iodopsin (cones) and recently discovered (1998) melanopsin
Poultry
Pineal Reception - Photon absorption by functional photoreceptors located in pineal gland on the top of the brain
Hypothalamic Reception - Photon absorption by deep encephalic photoreceptors

15. Retinal Photoreception - Domestic Fowl retina
rod violet blue green red double
Quadchromatic
Source: “Avian Cone Photoreceptors Tile the Retina as Five Independent, Self-Organizing Mosaics” Yoseph A. Kram, Stephanie Mantey, Joseph C. Corbo, 2010

16. Transmission of light via avian scull and brain tissue
Avian scull, skin and brain tissue create natural light filter. Due to the presence of blood in the tissue, red light penetrates scull with highest transmission efficiencies.
Source: “Spectral characteristics of visible radiation penetrating into the brain and stimulating extraretinal photo-receptors.” Hartwig, H.G. & van Veen, T

17. Human Eye Photopic Spectral Sensitivity

18. Retinal Photoreception
- Domestic Fowl Photopic Spectral Sensitivity (Typical)
Data source: “Spectral sensitivity of the domestic fowl (Gallus g. domesticus)” N. B. PRESCOTT AND C. M. (1999)

19. Dimming, On/Off, and painted bulbs
The effects of artificial light on the performance of chicken
There are three main aspects of the artificial light important to poultry producers
Light intensity or the total amount of luminous power produced in the visual (for poultry) part of the light spectrum
The photoperiod or number of hours of light and dark in a 24-hour period
The spectral composition of the artificial light
Dimming, On/Off, and painted bulbs

20. Red Color and Hue does matter…
Increases the growth rate of chickens and turkeys at the beginning of the rearing period
Increases locomotion that helps minimize leg disorders in the late rearing period
Stimulates and promotes sexual activity
Reduces actual feed consumption per egg laid (up to 20%) with no differences in egg size, shell weight, shell thickness, or yolk and albumen weights
Proliferate cannibalism in broilers

21. Green and Blue Color and Hue does matter…
Green light significantly enhances growth rate at an early age by enhancing proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells
Blue light enhances growth at a later age by elevation in plasma androgens
Green and Blue light promote myofiber growth due to more effective stimulation of testosterone secretion
Narrow band blue light reduces locomotion
Narrow band blue light reduce cannibalism rate at late age (broilers)

22. Why is the spectral composition of artificial lighting important in agricultural applications?

23. Almost all electrical lighting was created for human environments.
Because artificial light is quite different compared to natural daylight.
Plus
Almost all electrical lighting was created for human environments.

24. Relative Luminous Power - Natural Daylight at noon (D65)

25. Relative Luminous Power - Daylight at Sunset

26. Relative Luminous Power - Incandescent Lamp 2800K

27. Relative Luminous Power - Standard CFL 4000K (typical)

28. Relative Luminous Power – HPS lamp (typical)

29. Relative Luminous Power – High End LED 5400K (typical)

30. Relative Luminous Power - AgriShift™ PLWR5000

31. Dim To Blue - AgriShift™ PLWB5000 dimmed to 40%

32. Dim To Red - AgriShift™ PLWR5000 dimmed to 40%

33. AgriShift® PL Total power: 12W
Delivered Equivalence: 100W incandescent
Luminous flux: Typ. 590 Lm (Human photopic)
Typ. 750 Lm (Scoptopic)
Harmonic Distortion: < 20%
Power Factor: > 0.97
Dimming: to 1%, smooth transition
Semi linear behavior
Color Temperature: Approx. 5400K with Hue Shift Control
Shade Angle: 90, 120, 160 degrees
NRTL Certifications: UL 1993, CSA

34. Our Latest PL design

35. Energy Savings Example
56 lamp house
75W Incandescent Brood and Grow-out
52 day bird, typical lighting program
Replace with AgriShift 12W PL lamp
1:1 screw-in replacement
Save $1284 per year at $0.10/kWhr rate

36. Where do I place these?
Indoors in hot, humid, dusty, damp, ammonia environments
These lamps were designed for poultry, and built for the barn, not your kitchen. Kitchen lamps were not built for the barn
In existing sockets in existing layouts that have up to 100W incandescent and/or 26W CFL lamps
In the same layout you would use in new construction
Dim-to-Blue lamps for Broilers, Hogs
Dim-to-Red lamps for Breeder/Layers

37. AgriShift® EL Total power: 3W Equivalence: 20W incandescent
Luminous flux: Typ. 190 Lm (Human photopic)
Harmonic Distortion: < 20%
Power Factor: > 0.97
Dimming: to 1%, smooth transition
Semi linear behavior
Color Temperature: Approx. 4100K with Hue Shift Control

38. EL Body Style Options Designed to be placed in/on cage systems
Inside or across aisles
Replace rope lighting, 20W Incandescent, 9-13W CFL

39. Decision Time for Poultry Farmers
Federal Law increases efficacy standards for incandescent lamps by 30%, effectively bans them
100W – January 1, 2012
75W – January 1, 2013
60W, 40W – January 1, 2014
They will have to make a choice – LED or CFL
CFL lower cost, but underwhelming performance
Mercury in CFLs can create food safety concerns
Substantial increase in mercury waste

40. Incandescent Lamps Benefits Drawbacks Lowest Initial Price Dimmable
Understood by all
No mercury in product
Mercury released through coal-based generation
Least Efficient
High Energy Usage
Highest Total Cost
Short Lifespan
Susceptible to vibrations
A ban on standard 100, 75, 60, and 40W lamps begins phase-in Jan 1, 2012

41. Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Benefits
Drawbacks
Compared to incandescent
Longer Life
More efficient
Less Energy usage
Uses same socket
Compared to LED
Lower initial cost
10X-20X Price of incandescent
Contains mercury
Color Rendering
Color Temperature
Dimmability
Fragile
Susceptible to heat and vibration
Cold Cathode similar issues

42. LEDs Benefits Drawbacks “New” Technology Highest initial cost
No Mercury
Lowest Total Cost
Low Energy Usage, High Efficacy
Smooth dimming to 1%
Longest life expectancy
Sturdy, no filaments
Instant on, no funny colors during warm-up
On/Off Cycling and Dimming do not affect life
“New” Technology
Highest initial cost
Many want to “wait and see”
Many low-end, low-quality products

43. Efficacy vs. Efficiency
Efficacy – Lumens/Watt
Efficiency - %
Temperature
Phosphors
Light Source
Ballast Losses
Driver Losses
Control Losses
Wiring Losses
“Benchtop” or die-level data does not tell the entire story

44. Real world applications
MN, AL, AR, WI, OK, MO, AB
Broilers, Layers, Turkeys, Ducks

45. Thank You Please visit us at www.onceinnovations.com
Mike Ostaffe, Executive Vice President –