1. American Foreign Policy :
Up to 1917

2. The View of the Two Political Parties
Republicans
Like Imperialism
Democrats
Not in favor of Imperialism

3. A. Reasons for U.S. Imperialism Westward Expansion
Commercial/Business Interests
Military/Strategic Interests
Social Darwinism – “The White Man’s Burden”
Religious/Missionary Interests

4. B. Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty: duty free access for Hawaiian
sugar
1890 –
McKinley Tariff: no longer duty free sugar

5. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani and overthrew her government
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

6. Sanford Dole: proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894 and asks the U
Sanford Dole: proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894 and asks the U.S. to annex the territory
Cleveland initially refuses
McKinley believes it is “Manifest Destiny”
Annexes HI in 1898

7. Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

8. William Randolph Hearst
C. The Spanish American War
The “Splendid Little War”
Causes:
Cuban desire for independence
Am. Business Interests
Yellow Journalism
American Jingoism
De Lôme Letter
Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer

9. War declared April 25, 1898
Fought in the Caribbean and in the Philippines
Spain surrendered August 12 and signs Treaty of Paris (1898)
Cuba Gains “Independence”
U.S. gains control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
Marked U.S. entry into world affairs

11. Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”

12. Cuban Independence? Teller (1898) and Platt (1903) Amendments
1. Cuba could not enter agreements with foreign nations that would risk their independence
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S.
4. Cuba must not build up excessive debt
Basically Cuba is a protectorate of the U.S.

13. The American Anti-Imperialist League
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders
Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism

14. D. The Philippines The Filipinos expected independence
Began to fight against the U.S.
The Philippine-American War ( )

15. Emilio Aguinaldo Over 200,000 Filipinos killed
Leader of the Filipino uprising
Over 200,000 Filipinos killed
Ultimately unsuccessful for the Philippines

16. E. China and Japan

17. Stereotypes of the Chinese Immigrant
Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

18. The Open Door Policy Secretary of State John Hay
Give all nations equal access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

19. The Open Door Policy

20. Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of Commodore Perry

21. Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854

22. Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908
Agreement between Roosevelt and Japanese government
Problems with segregation in schools and unlimited immigration in the U.S.
Japanese agreed to deny passports to laborers entering the U.S.
The U.S. government ordered San Francisco to end segregation of Asians in schools.

23. F. Alaska Bought by the U.S. in 1867 from Russia
Bought for $7.2 million
Thought to be “Seward’s Folly”
Until gold discovered in 1890

24. G. Roosevelt Corollary 1904: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine
U.S. had the right to intervene in any W. Hemisphere country where events were “harmful” to the U.S.
Justified U.S. intervention in Latin America

25. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s

26. Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
The U.S. became increasingly assertive and took on the role of world policeman

27. Great White Fleet ( )
Circumnavigated the globe to show American military power

28. H. Panama Canal
Spanish-American War demonstrated a need for an Atlantic-Pacific connector
Advantages to building the canal:
Business saved $ when shipping goods
Travel time between coasts reduced
Allowed a military presence in Central America

29. Construction Begins in 1904
The Problem: Colombia said NO
Solution: Support Panamanian independence
1904 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty: the U.S. received permanent rights to 10 miles of land for $10 million
Construction Begins in 1904

30. Panama Canal Building of the canal plagued with problems
Disease (yellow fever and malaria)
Landslides
Over 27,000 men died to build the 48 mile long canal
Opened August 15, 1914
Panama Canal

31. I. Dollar Diplomacy Taft becomes President in 1909
President Taft’s economic policy for Latin America was “Substituting dollars for bullets”

32. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financial opportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas.
Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

33. J. Moral Diplomacy Wilson becomes President in 1913
Democrat in office with a different point of view of foreign affairs
Appointed William Jennings Bryan as his Secretary of State

34. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should be the conscience of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.