1. The New Frontier and the Great Society
What are the qualities of effective leaders?

2. Kennedy and the Cold War
Main Idea
The Kennedy administration faced some of the most dangerous Soviet confrontations in American history.
Why it Matter Today
America’s response to Soviet threats developed the United States as a military superpower.

3. The Election of 1960
In 1960, as President Eisenhower’s second term drew to a close, a mood of restlessness arose among voters.
The Democratic nominee for president, Massachusetts senator John Kennedy, promised active leadership “to get America moving again.”
The Televised Debate Affects Votes
America worries about JFK
Too young, Roman Catholic
Sept. 26, st Presidential Televised debate
Kennedy comes out looking good
Kennedy and Civil Rights
Ask for the release of MLK in Georgia

4. The Camelot Years
The election in November 1960 was the closest since 1884; Kennedy won by fewer than 119,000 votes. His inauguration set the tone for a new era at the White House

5. A New Military Policy
From the beginning, Kennedy focused on the Cold War.
Defining a Military Strategy
Most urgent task was to redefine the nation’s nuclear strategy.
Flexible Response- Robert McNamara-increased defense spending; creation of the Special Forces or Green Berets.
Tripled the overall nuclear capabilities.

6. Crisis Over Cuba
The 1st test of Kennedy’s foreign policy came in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of Florida.

7. Kennedy and Kruschchev Take the Heat
Kennedy criticized.
Brinkmanship
A chance to invade Cuba
Castro closes Cuba’s door to exiles in November 1962.

9. Crisis in Berlin
One goal that guided Kennedy through the Cuban Missile Crisis was that of proving to Khruschev his determination to contain communism.
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Crisis
million East Germans fled to West Berlin
August 13, Berlin wall is erected.
Searching for Ways to Ease tensions
Hot Line- between the White House & the Kremlin
Limited Test Ban Treaty- barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

10. Kennedy and the Cold War Review
Explain the factors that led to Kennedy’s victory over Nixon in the 1960 presidential campaign.
Kennedy spoke better in the televised debates, and his brother helped get MLK, Jr., out of jail. He had a well financed and organized campaign.
What were the most significant results of the Cuban missile crisis?
The Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba, and nuclear war was avoided.

11. The New Frontier Main Idea
While Kennedy had trouble getting his ideas for a New Frontier passed, several goals were achieved.
Why it Matters Today
Kennedy’s space program continued to generate scientific and engineering advances that benefit Americans.

12. The Promise of Progress
Kennedy set out to transform his broad vision of progress into what he called the New Frontier.
He called on Americans to be “new pioneers” and explore “uncharted areas of science and space”
He had difficulty turning his vision into reality
He lacked a popular mandate-a clear indication that voters approved of his plans.

13. Promise & Progress

14. Addressing Domestic Problems
In the problem of poverty in America was brought to national attention in Michael Harrington’s book The Other America.
How people scraped by on less than $1,000 per person.
Civil Rights battles erupted in the South during the 60’s.
1963- Kennedy focused on problems at home.
Robert Kennedy investigated racial injustice in the South.
Focused on Poverty
Proposed to cut taxes by over $10 billion.

15. Tragedy in Dallas
In the fall of 1963, public opinion polls showed that Kennedy was losing popularity because of his advocacy of civil rights.
Four Days in November
Nov. 22, Dallas, TX
Who killed the president?
Lee Harvey Oswald
Unanswered Questions
Warren Commission- investigated and concluded that Oswald acted alone.

16. Taking Notes

17. The New Frontier Review
What was Kennedy’s New Frontier? Why did he have trouble getting his New Frontier Legislation through Congress?
Kennedy’s legislative agenda was based on a broad vision of progress; he faced a conservative coalition in Congress of Republicans and Southern Democrats.
What two international aid programs were launched during the Kennedy administration?
The Peace Corps and the Alliance for Progress

18. The Great Society Main Idea
The demand for reform helped create a new awareness of social problems, especially on matters of civil rights and the effects of poverty.
Why it Matters Today
Reforms made in the 1960’s have had a lasting effect on the American justice system by increasing the rights of minorities.

19. LBJ’s Path to Power From the Texas Hills to Capitol Hill
4th generation Texan from Blanco County
Entered politics in 1937
A Master Politician
The Great Persuader

20. Johnson’s Domestic Agenda
Johnson urged Congress to pass the civil rights and tax-cut bills that Kennedy had sent to Capitol Hill.
July Johnson pushed for Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The War on Poverty
Economic Opportunity Act (EOA)
Job Corps Youth Training Program
VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America)
Head Start
Community Action Program
The 1964 Election
Rep.- Barry Goldwater (AZ)
Goldwater frightened Americans

21. Building the Great Society
By the time Johnson left the White House in 1969, Congress had passed 206 of his measures.

22. Reforms of the Warren Court
The Warren Court banned prayer in public schools and declared state-required loyalty oaths unconstituional.
Congressional Reapportionment
The way states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them.
80% of Americans lived in cities and suburbs.
Baker v. Carr (1962)
“one person, one vote”
Rights of the Accused
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)- evidence seized illegally couldn’t be used in court. (Exclusionary Rule)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)- provide free legal counsel
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)- accused persons had the right to have a lawyer present during questioning
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)- suspects must be read their rights before questioning.

23. Impact of the Great Society
The Great Society and the Warren Court changed the United States
The “war on poverty” did help
Tax cuts spurred the economy

24. The Great Society Review
Describe ways that the Great Society programs addressed the problem of poverty.
They addressed the problem of poverty by providing job corps youth training programs, education programs, small business loans, medical care, and housing programs.
How did the courts increase the political power of people in urban areas and those accused of crimes?
By establishing the principle of “one person, one vote”, it made district apportionment more fair; it expanded such protections to the accused as free legal counsel, the right to a lawyer, and the requirement to notification of one’s rights at the time of arrest.