1. The Origins of Socialism
By: Hanan, Hoda, Shumaim, Aiysha, Torfa

2. BUT FIRST… Previously on Understanding of Ideologies
Industrial Revolution resulted in:
Accumulation of wealth for business owners
Increased poverty
Poor living & working conditions
In Response:
People in Europe and N.A question:
-practices of political and economic systems: laissez faire system
Ppl (socialists) propose changes:
-distribution of wealth

3. Socialist/ Socialism/ Utopian Socialist
Cooperation > Competition
Greater value on group
2- Socialism
Ideology
Belief in collectivist values:
~collective responsibly
~collective interest
~cooperation
~economic equality
~adherence to collect. norms
~public property

4. Believed “PERFECT PLACE” could be created
Continued..
3- Utopian Socialist
Believed “PERFECT PLACE” could be created
-ppl can develop greatest potential

5. Early Socialists: Robert Owen
About
( )
British industrialist
Utopian socialist
Owner of textile Mills in:
-New Lanark (birth place of socialism)
-Scotland
Improved living conditions
Opened schools of students & adults
Established markets (nutritious foods, reasonable prices)
Unsuccessfully pressured gov. (minimize working hrs to 8/day)
Beliefs
Utopian beliefs
Business owners resp. for operating profitable and productive workplace
-Safe working place
Recognized value of workers
-Made profit
- no workers=no products to sell
Accept socialist values:
- achieve balance b/w economic, physical, social & emotional needs

6. French utopian socialist
Charles fourier
About
( )
French utopian socialist
Beliefs
Real benefits come from arranginf ppl in small, self-sustaining communities
Careful planning + regulation = communities are successful in providing:
-social
-economic
-political
needs of citizens

7. Influenced by socialist movements in France
Karl Marx
About
( )
Influenced by socialist movements in France
W help of socialist friend (Freidrich Engels), he wrote:
The Communist Manifesto
-Failure of capitalism
-neg effects on working class
-History: revolutions led by oppressed
-Most important force of society = struggle b/w classes in society

8. Struggle b/w proletariat (workers) and bourgeoisie (business owners )
Karl marx continued…
Proposition :
Struggle b/w proletariat (workers) and bourgeoisie (business owners )
-Proletariat: Oppressed under capitalist free market system
-Bourgeoisie: oppressors
Solution:
Proletariat should seize power through revolution
-closer to communism
Take control of Political, social and economic systems
Establish socialist society

9. Results of Marx’s Solution:
Karl Marx continued…
Results of Marx’s Solution:
People will be free of class differences
-Classless Society
Sharing goods and wealth among all citizens

10. What did a socialist society encompass
New factories controlled and owned by the gov.
Gov. control of banking via national bank
Socialist societies involve:
Gov. control of transportation &
communication means
Shift:
Private Public property
Free education for all children in public schools

11. Socialism as response to classical Liberalism
Individualism
Classical Liberalism (laissez faire system)
Inequality b/w classes
Industrial Revolution
Poor working/living conditions
Major decline in social and economic conditions
Socialism

12. Values of Socialism vs Liberalism
Values of Socialism (collectivism)
Values of classical liberalism
Collective Interest: Humans should be cooperative, helpful & compassionate
Self Interest: Ind should act in their own self interest
Collect. responsibility: society, (through gov.) is responsible for well-being of all members
Ind rights/resp/ freedoms: Individuals should be responsible for their own well-being
Economic equality: gov. should intervene in economy
Economic freedoms: economy should be determined by market forces (supply & demand)
Public property: gov should own industries. Profits should be kept by gov and redistributed equally
Private property: Individuals should have the right to buy, own or sell propert.
Cooperation: ppl should cooperate to achieve goals
Competition: Comp. benefits society; ppl work in self- interest. Leads to innovation, motivation and lower prices.
Adherence to collect. norms: ppl should follow rules to benefit society. Should be presence of equality throughout society.
Rule of Law: No one is above law. Each individual is accountable to the law

13. Political Spectrum: socialist vs liberal Ideologies
Collectivism Individualism
Liberalism
Socialism
Liberalism strongly represented on right side of spectrum
(individualism)
Socialism strongly respresented on left side of spectrum (collectivism)

14. GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN MODERN LIIBERALIST SOCIETIES
Quick Recap:
GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN MODERN LIIBERALIST SOCIETIES
Gov ensures vulnerable people:
Sick
Elderly
Unemployed
Working poor
are cared for.
People who believed this did not address collective interests were called….

15. Democratic socialism developed by socialists who believed:
DEMOCATIC SOCIALISTs
(Late 1800’s)
Democratic socialism developed by socialists who believed:
1. Modern liberalism did NOT provide gov intervention that addressed collective interest
2. Classless society (Embraced aspect of Marxism)
-distribution of wealth
Political, social & economic change achieved through democratic political processes: (Contrary to beliefs of Marxism)
Elections
Reforms
Rather than violent revolution

16. Democratic Socialists Organized political parties in: -Europe
By early 20th century
Examples
Democratic Socialists
Organized political parties in:
-Europe
-North America
Function:
Create society with socialist and liberal characteristics
~(take best of each ideology and put the together)
FOR EXMAPLE…
Independent Labor Party of Great Britain
Socialist Party of America

17. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY OF AMERICA OF 1897
** men are born free and have certain rights, such as the rights to life, liberty, and happiness. ** while citizens have the same political rights, this does not make them equal because of the vast economic inequality between the classes. Greater economic equality should exist in society.
Reflects liberal beliefs and values
Reflects socialist beliefs and values

18. Democratic Socialists & Capital Liberalism
Classical liberal values accepted by social democrats
Democracy
Freedom
Individual Rights
Classical liberal values denied by social democrats
Solution
- Capitalism b/c it infringed on workers’ rights and prevented many workers from actually being free
- Involved gov’t in the economy to ensure that all members of society were treated fairly

19. Gov Intervention results in
Industries being publically owned
~Meaning?
Support from gov which provided SOCIAL PROGRAMS:
~unemployment insurance
~health care
~education
~child care

20. many families suffered through bare times
GREAT DEPRESSION
many families suffered through bare times
questioned validity of the values of Classical Liberalism
Coping with depression
- Citizens believed that if gov’t took control and became more active with managing the economy it would work towards helping them deal with the tragic effects

21. 1. Companies went bankrupt
Continued
October 29, 1929
Great Depression Struck
Stock market crashed first 3.
Unemployment reached 27% of the employable population 2.
Investors watched value of stocks disappear
1. Companies went bankrupt

22. OF AN UNREGULATED GOVERNMENT?????
WAS IT BECAUSE
OF AN UNREGULATED GOVERNMENT?????

23. HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
POOR WORKING CONDITIONS 1
WANTED A MORE EQUAL FAIR SOCIETY
LOW WAGES 2
UNSANITARY SLUMS 3

24. GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
PEOPLE BELIEVED THAT IT WAS TIME FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO STEP IN
Life time savings were used in order for people to survive
Not everyone had savings; left with nothing
Unable to feed their families

25. Co-operation commonwealth federation
* FOUNDED IN CALGARY IN 1932 *
FIRST PRESIDENT =
J.S. WOODSWORTH

26. REGINA MANIFESTO
GOALS
SHELTERS FOR JOBLESS AND HOMELESS
JOB CREATION PROGRAMS
PENSIONS
HEALTH SERVICES

27. Rise of socialism in Québec
PREMIER
ANTI-UNION
ANTI- COMMUNIST
PROMOTED LAISSEZ FAIRE ECONMIC POLITICS
Gov’t increased their role in economy
Accused of limited right and freedoms of citizens

28. Quiet revolution
In the 1960’s, Quebec, indeed the world, was agitated by powerful currents of change. Liberal and leftist forces everywhere questioned the social order that had been accepted for so long…[E]qual and adequate accessibility for classes and regions to educational and social services, economic well-being for all, and the establishment of a social safety net were voiced and pursued strongly here (Quebec), as they were in many other places. - Source: Claude Belanger, “The Quiet Revolution,” August 23, 2000.

29. * EMBRACED SOCIALIST VALUES *
The parti Québécois
* WANTED SOVEREIGNTY FOR QUEBEC *
* EMBRACED SOCIALIST VALUES *
The real degree of civilization is also indicated to us by the treatment shown to the unorganized and usually silent multitude of the weakest and most disadvantaged people: the elderly, the defenseless children, the handicapped, families with many children on a modest income.

30. Government introduced government funded social programs:
Continued…
Government introduced government funded social programs:
Public insurance program
Pharmacare
3) $7-a-day univeral child care system
4) Generous parental leave program

31. Platform of 2008
Our values are clear. It is not by continuing to tolerate the widening gap in wealth between the richest and the poorest that we will progress…it is necessary to reform the state so that it becomes more efficient and more humane.