Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Proteins verses Nucleic Acids

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Proteins verses Nucleic Acids"— Presentation transcript:

1 Proteins verses Nucleic Acids
Biology BioACTS (11/07/16): Journal Question: Based on the food label on the key boards, predict how the Brown Bag, iodine, Benedict’s, and Biuret’s solution tests would respond! Vocabulary Builder: Proteins verses Nucleic Acids Venn Diagram 1

2 Vocabulary Builder Follow UP:
Biology Vocabulary Builder Follow UP: Proteins — Monomers are called amino acids; examples would be fish, beef, tofu; used in the body for structure (bones + muscles); chemical reactions; immune system. Indicator was Biurets Solution. Nucleic acids — monomers are called nucleotides; examples would be RNA and DNA; used in the body to store genetic information. NO indicator OR special foods! COMMON—two of the four organic compounds found in ALL organisms! 2

3 Carbohydrates verses Lipids
Biology BioACTS (11/08/16): Journal Question: ONE minute of mental madness: write down every thing you already know about cells!!!! Vocabulary Builder: Carbohydrates verses Lipids Venn Diagram 3

4 Vocabulary Builder Follow UP:
Biology Vocabulary Builder Follow UP: Carbohydrates —monomers are monosaccharaides. Are used in organisms as a source of immediate energy. You would eat bread, pasta, noodles for carbohydrates. Indicator were Benedicts and Iodine solutions. Lipids — NO monomers (two bonded subunits); examples would be oils, fats, and waxes; used in the body to store energy. Brown bag test! COMMON—two of the four organic compounds found in ALL organisms! Are both macromolecules (same as polymers). 4

5 Biology BioACTS (11/09/16): Microscope
Journal Question: Compare and contrast the early and modern images of cells! Turn to pages in your textbook Vocabulary Builder: Microscope Scientific tool that uses light or electrons to scan and magnify small objects 5

6 Biology Cell BioACTS (11/10/16): What would we find inside a cell???
Journal Question: What would we find inside a cell??? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Cell Basic unit of structure and function for life 6

7 Biology ANSWER Venn Diagram BioACTS (11/14/16):
Journal Question: What does the cell theory tells us about cells??? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Prokaryotes verses Eukaryotes Venn Diagram 7

8 Biology Journal Question: “All living things are made up of cells”.
“Cells are the basic unit of structure and function”. “New cells are produced from existing cells”. 8

9 Biology Vocabulary Builder:
Prokaryotes: No nucleus; generally smaller with fewer structures. Bacteria. Eukaryotes: Nucleus present; generally larger with many structures. SAME: Cells; cell membrane; DNA; cytoplasm. 9

10 Biology Cytoplasm BioACTS (11/15/16):
Journal Question: What functions does a cell need to complete to stay alive??? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Cytoplasm Portion of the cell outside the nucleus 10

11 Biology J.Q Follow UP: Since the cell is the smallest structure and function of organisms, it must be able to provide ALL the functions of HOG RACER over time. 11

12 Biology ANSWER BioACTS (11/16/16): (Cell) plasma membrane
Journal Question: How are plant and animal cells DIFFERENT? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: (Cell) plasma membrane A semi-permeable barrier made up of lipids that protect a cell. 12

13 Biology J.Q. Follow UP: Plant cell — cell wall; chloroplast.
Animals cell —centrioles; cilia / flagella. 13

14 Biology Vacuole BioACTS (11/17/16): ANSWER Vocabulary Builder:
Journal Question: You examine with a microscope a newly discovered cell and determine that it contains chloroplasts: what type of organism can you infer that the cell came from??? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Vacuole Organelle used to store various materials need for proper cell function. 14

15 What happened to the spray that I used in the room?
Biology BioACTS (11/18/16): Journal Question: What happened to the spray that I used in the room? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Lipid bilayer Double layer of lipids, hydrophilic ‘heads’ out and hydrophobic ‘tails’ in, with proteins that protects the cell and selectively allows materials in and out. 15

16 Cell wall verses cell membrane
Biology BioACTS (11/21/16): Journal Question: What organelles would you need as a cell to make and export proteins??? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Cell wall verses cell membrane Venn Diagram 16

17 Biology J.Q. Follow UP: Nucleolus make ribosomes
Ribosomes + E.R. make proteins Golgi apparatus modify / sort/ package proteins. Vesicles transport proteins to the cell membrane. 17

18 Biology Answer Vesicle BioACTS (11/22/16):
Journal Question: How is diffusion and osmosis similar AND different??? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Vesicle Organelle that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell. 18

19 Smooth E.R. verses Rough E.R.
Biology BioACTS (11/23/16): Journal Question: What was the role of microscopes in developing the cell theory??? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Smooth E.R. verses Rough E.R. Venn Diagram 19

20 ‘JQ Follow UP’: 3.72 X 1013 total Cells in the human body.
Biology ‘JQ Follow UP’: 3.72 X 1013 total Cells in the human body. 20

21 Biology VB Follow UP: Smooth E.R.—NO ribosomes on the E.R.; produce lipids; detoxify cellular wastes. Rough E.R.—Ribosomes attached to E.R.; product proteins for export. Ribosomes NOT on E.R. (in the cytoplasm) produce proteins for inside cell use. 21

22 Biology Isotonic BioACTS (11/28/16): Answer Journal Question:
What is the relationship between concentration, diffusion, and equilibrium? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Isotonic The concentration of solutes is the SAME on the inside AND outside of a cell. 22

23 Biology JQ Follow UP: Particles move from high concentration to low concentration by diffusion until equilibrium is reached. 23

24 Biology BioACTS (11/29/16): Answer Hypotonic Vocabulary Builder:
Journal Question: What happens to the light requirements for viewing a magnified image as the total magnification increases? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Hypotonic The concentration of solutes is lower outside of the cell as compared to inside the cell; water will move into the cell. 24

25 Biology VB Follow UP: So…describe and diagram a hypertonic solution and its effect on a cell! 25

26 Different cells in a multicellular organism perform different tasks.
Biology BioACTS (11/30/16): Journal Question: Glucose is THE fuel source for cells BUT it does not diffuse across the cell membrane: how does it get through??? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Cell Specialization Different cells in a multicellular organism perform different tasks. 26

27 Biology JQ Follow UP: Moves from high concentration to low concentration through a carrier protein in the cell membrane in a process called, ‘facilitated transport’. 27

28 Facilitated verses Active transport
Biology BioACTS (12/01/16): Journal Question: ‘Perry the paramecium’ lives in an isotonic environment with 0.75% salts; what will happen to Perry if placed into the Puget Sound with 3.25% salts? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Facilitated verses Active transport Venn Diagram 28

29 Vocabulary Builder Follow up:
Biology Vocabulary Builder Follow up: VB: Facilitated transport — movement from high concentration to low concentration through protein channels; NO energy required. Active transport — movement against the concentration gradient through protein channels; energy is required. 29

30 Biology JQ Follow UP: Perry is now in a hypertonic solution (higher solutes outside in the Puget Sound; 3.25% salts) than inside (0.75%), so water will move by osmosis out of Perry and he will shrink and…. ;-( You rescue Perry and put him in a beaker of distilled (pure water): what will happen to Perry NOW???? 30

31 Biology BioACTS (12/02/16): ANSWER Venn Diagram
Journal Question: What cell structures are found outside a cell membrane??? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Cell wall verses cell membrane Venn Diagram 31

32 Biology Entry Task Follow up:
JQ: Cell wall (plants; algae; bacteria; fungi); cilia; flagella (animals). VB: Cell wall — protection and support for life forms (see above: NOT animals or humans. Cell membrane — outer-most part of a cell that regulates compounds coming in and going out. 32

33 Hypotonic verses Hypertonic
Biology BioACTS (12/05/16): Journal Question: Paramecia have a solute concentration inside of 2.5%; it in a outside solution of 3.5%: what is going to happen to the organism? Vocabulary Builder: Hypotonic verses Hypertonic Venn Diagram. 33

34 Biology JQ: The outside solution is hypertonic so water is going to move by osmosis out of the paramecia, which will shrink. VB: Hypertonic is a solution with more solutes per unit volume compared to another; hypotonic is a solution with less solutes per unit of solution. 34

35 NONE — please get out your Chapter 7 review sheets (I) and (II).
Biology BioACTS (12/06/16): Journal Question: NONE — please get out your Chapter 7 review sheets (I) and (II). Vocabulary Builder: 35

36 Autotroph verses heterotroph
Biology BioACTS (12/07/16): Journal Question: Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Autotroph verses heterotroph Venn Diagram 36

37 How do white blood cells kill bacteria?
Biology BioACTS (12/08/16): Journal Question: How do white blood cells kill bacteria? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: ADP verses ATP Venn Diagram. 37

38 Biology JQ: White blood cells engulf invading pathogens by a process called phagocytosis. Does this require cellular energy?? VB: ATP—three-part energy molecule with 3 phosphate groups; ‘charged form’ ADP—three-part energy molecule with 2 phosphate groups; ‘discharged form’. SAME—two forms of the SAME energy molecule used by organisms for energy! 38

39 Biology BioACTS (12/09/16): Energy transformation
Journal Question: What role does photosynthesis play in the carbon cycle!!!! ANSWER (Hint—look in your textbook at page 77) Vocabulary Builder: Energy transformation The change of energy from one form to another 39

40 (Hint—textbook pages 72-73). Chloroplast verses chlorophyll
Biology BioACTS (12/12/16): Journal Question: Where are organisms that use photosynthesis found in ecological pyramids??? ANSWER (Hint—textbook pages 72-73). Vocabulary Builder: Chloroplast verses chlorophyll Venn Diagram 40

41 Biology JQ Follow UP: Producers / autotrophs are at the BASE of ecological pyramids because they capture sunlight energy and then provide energy for the organisms above as they are consumed. WHY are Autotrophs always found at the base of ecological pyramids??? 41

42 Chloroplasts verses Mitochondria
Biology BioACTS (12/13/16): Journal Question: What do autotrophs do with the sugars they have made in photosynthesis? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Chloroplasts verses Mitochondria Venn Diagram 42

43 Biology So…do autotrophs have mitochondria???? JQ Follow UP:
Autotrophs have to transform that chemical energy into ATP to carry on the process of life…just like heterotrophs! So…do autotrophs have mitochondria???? 43

44 Biology BioACTS (12/14/16): Cellular Respiration ANSWER
Journal Question: What is the FORM of the energy go into photosynthesis? How about into cellular respiration? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Cellular Respiration Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. 44

45 Biology JQ Follow UP: Photosynthesis—inputs is light (energy); cellular respiration— chemical energy (food). What is the FORM of the energy go out photosynthesis? How about into cellular respiration? 45

46 Hint—look at page 232 in your text book!
Biology BioACTS (12/15/16): Journal Question: What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Hint—look at page 232 in your text book! Vocabulary Builder: Fermentation A chemical reaction in the cytoplasm that releases energy by producing ATP without oxygen. 46

47 Biology JQ Follow UP: Features Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria Reactants Carbon dioxide and water Carbohydrates (sugars) and oxygen Products Function Capture light energy and transform into chemical energy of carbohydrates Transform the chemical energy of carbohydrates into the chemical energy of ATP. 47

48 Review ONE Cell Respiration concept Word WALL: Vocabulary BOX
Biology BioACTS (1/03/17): Journal Question: What do your body cells do if there is not enough oxygen to carry out cellular respiration? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Review ONE Cell Respiration concept Word WALL: Vocabulary BOX 48

49 Biology BioACTS Follow-UP:
Your body extracts ATP energy from the break down of glucose under anaerobic conditions using a process called fermentation. 49

50 Review ONE Photosynthesis concept
Biology BioACTS (1/04/17): Journal Question: Rewind—is there any other way for autotrophs to get energy than from the sun? Answer  Vocabulary Builder: Review ONE Photosynthesis concept Vocabulary BOX 50

51 Journal Question Follow UP: Chemosynthesis:
Biology Journal Question Follow UP: Chemosynthesis: 51

52 Biology BioACTS (1/05/17): Answer Cell Division Vocabulary Builder:
Journal Question: Rewind — we put some dry yeast in warm water, feed them sugar, and monitored CO2 and O2 probes before the break. What happened to the two gas levels over ten minutes and WHY? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Cell Division The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells. 52

53 Biology JQ Follow UP: The carbon dioxide (CO2) level increased; the oxygen level did NOT change(O2). WHY? The yeast used fermentation to break down the sugar into ATP energy, releasing CO2; fermentation does NOT require O2. 53

54 Biology Mitosis BioACTS (1/06/16): ANSWER Journal Question:
What is the surface area to volume ratio for a cell that is 2.47 cm long; 2.03 cm wide; and 1.79 cm tall? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Mitosis Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides. 54

55 Biology BioACTS (1/09/17): Mitosis verses Cytokinesis
Journal Question: What problems does growth (an increase in volume) cause for cells? Vocabulary Builder: Mitosis verses Cytokinesis Venn Diagram (USE YOUR VOCABULARY CARDS)!!!! 55

56 Biology JQ: Too much demand for the information stored in DNA.
Problems moving materials across the cell membrane. 56

57 Biology VB: Mitosis—A part of cell division; division of a cell nucleus as part of a cell life cycle. Cytokinesis—A part of cell division; division of a cell’s cytoplasm into two new cells as part of a cell life cycle. 57

58 Biology BioACTS (1/10/17): Chromatin verses Chromatid
Journal Question: What are chromosomes made up of? Vocabulary Builder: Chromatin verses Chromatid Venn Diagram (USE YOUR VOCABULARY CARDS)!!!! 58

59 Biology VB: Chromatin—DNA + proteins (called histones).
Chromatid—one of two identical parts of a chromosome that form in the ‘S’ (synthesis) phase of interphase. 59

60 Biology BioACTS (1/11/17): Answer
Journal Question: Name the main events of the cell cycle! Answer Vocabulary Builder: Prophase verses Telophase Venn Diagram (Use your vocabulary cards) 60

61 Biology JQ and VB Follow UP:
JQ — Interphase and then cell division are the TWO main phases of the cell cycle. Interphase is subdivided into the G1 phase (growth one); S phase (synthesis); G2 phase (growth two). Cell division is divided into mitosis and cytokinesis. 61

62 Biology JQ and VB Follow UP:
VB— Prophase: Phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus. Telophase: Phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material. 62

63 Anaphase verses Metaphase Use your vocabulary cards
Biology BioACTS (1/12/17): Journal Question: What is the surface area to volume ratio for a cell ‘cube’ that is 5 cm by 5 cm by 5 cm? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Anaphase verses Metaphase Venn Diagram Use your vocabulary cards 63

64 Biology JQ and VB Follow UP:
VB— Anaphase: Phase of mitosis, during which, the chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite poles. Metaphase: Phase of mitosis, during which, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. 64

65 Biology BioACTS (1/13/17): Spindle verses Centrioles Journal Question:
What is the percent absorption of NaOH for a 1.75 cm3 cube with a 0.25 cm rim of pink???? Answer (Hint—use your lab data table to determine) Vocabulary Builder: Spindle verses Centrioles Venn Diagram (Use your vocabulary cards) 65

66 (Use your vocabulary cards)
Biology BioACTS (1/17/17): Journal Question: What is the percent absorption of NaOH for a 4.0 cm3 cube with a 0.50 cm rim of pink???? Vocabulary Builder: Cyclin verses Cancer Venn Diagram (Use your vocabulary cards) 66

67 Biology Vocabulary Practice:
Cyclin — one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. Cancer — a disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth. SAME—involve the cell cycle. 67

68 Chapter 10 Vocabulary CARDS
Biology BioACTS (1/18/17): Journal Question: Do you think that your DNA (genes) can affect whether you get cancer???? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Chapter 10 Vocabulary CARDS Vocabulary BOX 68

69 Biology JQ Response: There is a strong genetic basis for some cancers BUT…environmental factors (i.e., viral infections, smoking; radiation) have a roll as well. P53 a defect in this gene that controls chromosome replication may have a role to play in cancer. 69

70 Biology Answer BioACTS (1/19/17):
Journal Question: What are two categories of cell cycle regulators???? Answer Vocabulary Builder: Diagram AND describe METAPHASE 70

71 Biology JQ Response: Internal regulators proteins that respond to INside cellular events. External regulators proteins that respond to events EXterior to the cell. 71

72 Biology VB Response: Diagram
Second stage of mitosis. Spindle fibers move the chromosomes to the MIDDLE of the cell. 72

73 Diagram AND describe ANAPHASE AND TELOPHASE
Biology BioACTS (1/20/17): Journal Question: Normal bacteria stop grown when they touch each other: what is this form of external regulation called? ANSWER Vocabulary Builder: Diagram AND describe ANAPHASE AND TELOPHASE 73

74 VB Response: Diagrams 3rd and 4th stages of mitosis. Describe….
Biology VB Response: Diagrams 3rd and 4th stages of mitosis. Describe…. 74

75 Biology BioACTS (1/23/17): NONE Journal Question: Vocabulary Builder:
What would be the surface area to volume of a cube that is 4.0 cm by 4.0 cm by 4.0 cm? If there is the pink rim is 0.6 cm, what would be its percent absorption? Vocabulary Builder: NONE 75

76 Biology BioACTS (1/24/17): Vocabulary BOX Journal Question: Part TWO?!
Study Guide activity — write AND answer a question based on the content of one of our first semester unit. Part TWO?! Vocabulary Builder: Study Guide activity — pick ONE term from the first semester that you would like to review Vocabulary BOX 76


Download ppt "Proteins verses Nucleic Acids"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google