1. PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY Part I

2. Where in the world are we?
USA
Where is our county?
Pennsylvania

3. Our state has seven regions
The ERIE REGION is characterized by its location on Lake Erie. It is also much colder and snowier than the rest of the state with lake-effect snow falling almost every day during the winter months. During the summer, Lake Erie provides fun beaches for vacationers. The seaport is the hub from which Pennsylvania's products travel to other cities on the Great Lakes and beyond.
Before Europeans arrived, the PHILADELPHIA REGION was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. In 1682, William Penn founded Philadelphia to serve as capital of Pennsylvania Colony. Known as the “Cradle of Liberty”, it was here that the new country was born and the liberty bell was rung. Today, Philadelphia is known for its cheesesteaks and soft pretzels!
The popularity of the POCONO MOUNTAINS REGION as a summer retreat began in the early 20th century when Philadelphia Quakers started the resorts of Buck Hill Falls and Pocono Manor. Now, many summer camps dot the area. The ski resorts welcome vacationers during the winter months. The Delaware Water Gap area includes the popular Dingman’s Falls.
Home to millions of acres of unspoiled forests and mountains, the WILDS REGION stands ready for fishing, hiking, kayaking, skiing, and other outdoor activities during both summer and winter. Visit the Peter J. McGovern Little League Museum. Go on the Artisan Trail to see crafts people making and selling their wares.
PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH COUNTRY is an area that was settled by German (or Deutsch) immigrants in the late 1800s. The Amish in the area are known for simple living, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt many conveniences of modern technology. By contrast, the Battle of Gettysburg saw the largest number of casualties of the Civil War.
In the ALLEGHANIES AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEY REGION, engineers built eight sets of locks and dams to improve navigation, generate electricity, and control the floods that periodically submerged those along its shores. The Susquehanna River is one of the oldest existing rivers in the world. It is far older than the mountain ridges through which it flows.
Washington County in the PITTSBURGH REGION is famous for its Rock Shelters at Meadowcroft Village, which are one of the best preserved and oldest Pre-Clovis Native American dwellings in the country. The Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers join to form the Ohio River at Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh is known as both "The Steel City" for its more than 300 steel-related businesses and "The City of Bridges" for its 446 bridges.

4. WHAT CAUSES LAKE EFFECT SNOW?
Lake effect snow is caused when a very cold winter air mass flows over the relatively warmer waters of Lake Erie. Intense evaporation from the lake surface under these conditions forms clouds that cannot contain all of this water. Some of it falls back to the surface as snow.

5. THE POCONO MOUNTAINS
Click the picture to see a video of Pocono autumn leaves
Pocono Mountains are a mountainous area in northeastern Pennsylvania.
They are a part of the Appalachians Trail.
North Knob, the highest hill, rises 2,693 feet above sea level.
The name comes from the Munsee Indian word Pokawachne (pronounced Poke Ah Waak-nay), which means "Creek Between Two Hills” because the Delaware River flows through them.
The Pocono area is Pennsylvania's most popular tourist destination.

6. Our State Flag The coat of arms
A ship carrying state commerce to all parts of the world
A clay-red plough, a symbol of the Pennsylvania's rich natural resources
Three golden sheaves of wheat, representing fertile fields
The coat of arms is surrounded by draft horses on both sides, and a bald eagle, which represents Pennsylvania's loyalty to the United States.
Surrounding the coat of arms are a stalk of Indian corn on the left and an olive branch on the right. These represent the state's recognition of its past and its hope for the future.
The state motto, "Virtue Liberty and Independence,” appears below on a ribbon.

7. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz…
What is the Pennsylvania state flower?
Mountain Laurel
Iris
Cherokee rose
Bluebonnet
Iris: Tennessee
Cherokee rose: Georgia
Bluebonnet: Texas

8. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz…
What is the Pennsylvania state bird?
Eastern goldfinch
Mountain blue bird
Ruffed grouse
Wild Turkey
Eastern goldfinch: New Jersey
Mountain blue bird: Nevada
Wild Turkey: Alabama

9. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz…
What is the Pennsylvania state animal?
White tailed deer
Moose
Black bear
Tabby cat
Moose: Alaska, Maine
Black bear: AL, LA, NM, WV
Tabby cat: Massachusetts

10. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz…
What is the Pennsylvania state insect?
Monarch butterfly
Tiger Swallowtail
Karner Blue Butterfly
Firefly
Monarch butterfly: MN & VT
Tiger Swallowtail: DE, GA, & SC
Karner blue butterfly: New Hampshire

11. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz …
What is the Pennsylvania state dog?
American foxhound
Great Dane
Boston terrier
Chesapeake Bay retriever
American foxhound: Virginia
Boston Terrior: Massachusetts
Chesapeake Bay retriever: Maryland

12. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz …
What is the Pennsylvania state tree?
Blue spruce
Loblolly pine
Eastern hemlock
Candlenut tree
Blue spruce: Colorado
Loblolly pine: Arkansas
Candlenut tree: Hawaii

13. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz …
What is the Pennsylvania state fish?
King salmon
Brook trout
Bluegill
Humuhumunukunukuâpua’a
King salmon: Alaska
Bluegill: Illinois
Humuhumunukunukuâpua’a: Hawaii 13

14. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz …
What is the Pennsylvania state fossil?
Wooly Mammoth
Petrified wood
Mastodon
Trilobite
Wooly Mammoth: Alaska and Nebraska
Petrified wood: AZ, MS, ND, WA
Mastodon: Michigan

15. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz…
What is the Pennsylvania state beverage?
Orange juice
Milk
Cranberry juice
Apple cider
Orange juice: Florida
Cranberry juice: Massachusetts
Apple cider: New Hampshire

16. Pennsylvania Symbols Quiz …
What is the Pennsylvania state soil?
Harney
Crider soil
Hazleton soil
Natchez silt loam
Harney: Kansas
Crider soil: Kentucky
Natchez silt loam: Mississippi

17. How many do you remember?
Flower
Bird
Animal
Insect
Dog
Tree
Fish
Fossil
Beverage
Soil
Answers: 1. Mountain laurel; 2. Ruffed grouse; 3. White-tailed deer; 4. Firefly; 5. Great Dane; 6. Eastern hemlock; 7. Brook trout; 8. Trilobite; 9. Milk; 10. Hazleton

18. NATIVE AMERICANS IN PENNSYLVANIA
Most Native Americans were forced to leave Pennsylvania during the 1700's, when eastern tribes were being displaced by colonial expansion. Most tribes that once were native to Pennsylvania ended up on Indian reservations in Oklahoma.

19. MEADOWCROFT ROCKSHELTERS
The archaeological site shows earliest known evidence of human presence in Pennsylvania. The artifacts from the site show the area may have been continually inhabited for over 19,000 years, since Paleo-Indian times.
The rockshelter is a natural formation beneath an overhanging cliff sandstone.
Native Americans left the site during the Revolutionary War. It was not re-discovered until 1955.

20. How would YOU feel if this happened to you?
From 1879 to 1918 the Carlisle community hosted an experiment designed to transform more than 10,000 Native American Indian children from their so-called "savage" ways into "civilized" lifestyles.
They came from all over the country.
The children were forced to change their name to an English name which had little meaning for them.
They were required to learn English and could not use their native language.
The children wore uniforms, but they had been accustomed to their native attire.
The boys had to cut their long braids.

21. Click the postcard to hear the Pennsylvania state song.