1. 8/31/16 Today I will discover facts about an element
Warm Up – What is an element?

2. 9/1/16 Today I will take the algebra diagnostic quiz.
Warm Up – No warm up today. Thank math!

3. 9/2/16
Today I will use the steps of the scientific method to solve problems.
Warm Up –
What is the scientific method?

4. Academic Chemistry Chapter 1 – Part 1
Measurements and Math
Academic Chemistry
Chapter 1 – Part 1

5. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry – The study of matter and the changes it undergoes
The central science!
Chemistry overlaps so many other fields and professions!

6. Scientific Method What is the scientific method?
A way of answering questions about the world we live in
Why do we use the scientific method?
Organization
Communication
Common sense

7. Scientific Method Steps 1. Identify the problem or question
2. Gather information and make observations
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis (experiment)
5. Analyze the data and form a conclusion

8. Scientific Method Hypothesis - Testable, educated guess
Can never truly prove correct
If I drop my pen, it will fall.

9. Scientific Method
Natural Law – An idea that describes how nature behaves but does not explain why it behaves the way it does.
All things fall toward the Earth.

10. Scientific Method Theory – Explanation of the Natural Law
Things fall due to a naturally occurring force pulling all things toward the Earth.

11. Scientific Method
How would I design a test to see if the size of the paper would change how far a paper airplane would fly?
Define the problem
Gather information
Hypothesis

12. Scientific Method Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Variable that is changed in a scientific experiment
What we control
Dependent Variable
Variable that changes in relation to the independent variable
What we measure
Control Variables
Things we purposely keep constant in an experiment

13. Scientific Method
How would I design a test to see if the size of the paper would change how far a paper airplane would fly?
Independent Variable?
Dependent Variable?
Control Variables?
How might we do this?

14. Scientific Method
How would I design a test to see if the size of the paper would change how far a paper airplane would fly?
Analysis & Conclusion

15. Homework
Scientific Method Homework

16. 9/6/16 Today I will convert numbers to scientific notation
Warm Up – I want to see if using the air conditioner in my car really uses more gas. If I design an experiment to test this, what is the dependent variable and what is the independent variable?

17. Numbers and Measurement!
The rest of this chapter (both part 1 and part 2) is all about numbers!

18. Makes difficult numbers easier to use!
Scientific Notation
For very large or very small numbers!
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Makes difficult numbers easier to use!

19. Numbers into Scientific Notation
For numbers greater than one:
145,000
Place a decimal point after the first significant figure
Add x 10
Count the number of places the decimal moved and place it as a positive exponent on the ten.
Maintain significance. 5
x 10

20. Numbers into Scientific Notation
For numbers less than one:
Place a decimal point after the first significant figure
Add x 10
Count the number of places the decimal moved and place it as a negative exponent on the ten.
Maintain significance -2
1.450
x 10

21. Numbers into Regular Notation
For numbers greater than one (positive exponent):
1.45 x 105
Move the decimal to the right the number of spaces indicated by the exponent
145,000

22. Putting Numbers into Regular Notation
For numbers less than one (negative exponent):
1.450 x 10-2
Move the decimal to the left the number of spaces indicated by the exponent

23. Big numbers are positive!
Scientific Notation
Remember!!!
Big numbers are positive!
Small numbers are negative!

24. Scientific Notation Try these: 432400000 0.0000000000003 = 4.324 x 108

25. Calculators and Scientific Notation
To put this number into your calculator, you must use the exponent key.
Let’s find it!

27. Calculators and Scientific Notation
-12 EE
6.4 x 10-12
To put this number into your calculator, you must use the exponent key.
6.4

28. Scientific Notation Do this math on your calculator:
2.34 x 106 * 5.63 x 10-12
6.54 x 1013 / 4.31 x 102
2.3 x x 102
4.2 x 1023 – 1.8 x 1022
= 1.32 x 10-5
= 1.52 x 1011
= 2.8 x 103
= 4.0 x 1023

29. Homework
Scientific Notation

30. 9/7/16 Today I will measure objects to the correct degree of certainty
Warm Up – Write the following in scientific notation:
5500

31. Measurements A measurement consists of a number and a unit.
That boy is almost 7 tall.
Seven what??
That boy is almost 7 feet tall.

32. Measurement Metric System SI units – base units Length - meter
Mass– gram
Volume - liter
Time – second

33. Measurement Are mass and weight the same thing?
Two very different ideas
Mass – amount of material present (grams)
Weight – gravity’s pull on the material (pounds, Newtons)

34. Measurement
Metric System
Prefix

35. m k m c m m m Measurement Metric System
Numbers in the metric system are made up of a base and a prefix.
Example – length is in meters m k m
If there are more than one letter, there must be a prefix on your base!
If you only have one letter, it must be your base! c m m m
Be careful not to mix up milli- and meter!

36. Measurement
Metric System
Why is it Important?

37. Making Measurements Uncertainty in measurement
When measuring, estimate the measurement to one place past the last place on the instrument.

38. Making Measurements
Measuring Length

39. Making measurements
Measuring to one place past will be the most confusing part of measurements!

40. Making measurements
Special Case – when the estimation is zero!

41. Making measurements
Special Case – when the estimation is zero!

42. Making measurements Measuring Mass Triple beam balance
Remember to estimate!
Measuring Mass
Triple beam balance
Electric balance
Estimation done for you!

43. Making Measurements

44. Making Measurements Measuring Volume Volume of a liquid
-read the bottom
of the meniscus
-usually mL
(mL = cm3)

45. Making Measurements Measuring Volume Volume of a regular solid
-geometry equations
-cm*cm*cm=cm3
- 1mL = 1cm3
11.32 cm
6.85 cm
5.90 cm

46. Making Measurements Measuring Volume Volume of an irregular solid
-water displacement

47. Homework
Measurement

48. 9/8/16
Today I will determine the number of significant figures in a number.
Warm Up-
Measure the following with both rulers:

49. Reliability Precision Accuracy
Will give the same number over and over again
Accuracy
Will be close to the accepted value

50. Significant Figures
In measurements, the certain and estimated digits together are the significant figures.

51. Significant Figures Four easy rules!!!
#1 All Nonzero numbers are SIGNIFICANT!
324.5

52. 3004.05 Significant Figures Four easy rules!!!
#2 All “sandwiched” zeroes are SIGNIFICANT!

53. Significant Figures Four easy rules!!!
#3 All leading zeroes are NEVER SIGNIFICANT!

54. 3200 3200. 3200.00 Significant Figures Four easy rules!!!
#4 Trailing zeroes are SIGNIFICANT if there is a decimal point anywhere in the number!
3200
3200.

55. Significant Figure Practice
3500
123
0.200
80000
5 significant figures
6 significant figures
2 significant figures
3 significant figures
1 significant figure

56. Rounding Do I have the correct number of significant figures?
When rounding, you must ask yourself two important questions
Do I have the correct number of significant figures?
Does the number still mean the same thing?

57. Rounding
Round the following numbers to 3 significant figures:
0.2

58. Homework
Significant Figures

59. 9/9/16
Today I will demonstrate measuring various quantities in the lab.

60. 9/12/16
Today I will determine the number of significant figures in a calculation
Warm Up – How many significant figures are in the number :

61. Significant Figures in Calculations
Multiplications and Division
The measurement with the smallest number of significant figures determines the number of significant figures in your answer.

62. Significant Figures in Calculations
Multiplications and Division
3.052 m x 2.10 m x 0.75 m 4 2 3
= m3
= 4.8 m3

63. Significant Figures in Calculations
Addition and Subtraction
The measurement with the largest uncertainty determines the number of significant figures in your answer.

64. Significant Figures in Calculations
Addition and Subtraction
3.052 m m m
= m
3.052 m m m
1.702 m
= 1.70 m

65. Significant Figures in Calculations
Addition and Subtraction
952.0 g g g g g g g g g
= 2541 g

66. Significant Figures in Calculations
Try some!
(3.221)(9.76)
93.6 ÷ 2
19.5 – 1.5

67. Homework
Significant Figures in Calculations #1

68. 9/13/16 Today I will practice significant figures Warm Up 4.33 + 8.1
4.33 x 8.1

69. 9/14/16 Today I will review chapter 1 – part 1. Warm Up –
Write in scientific notation
Write 2.1 x 107 in regular notation
Calculate: 2.1 x 103 ÷ 5.2 x 104
5.74 x 105
4.04 x 10-2 (0.0404)

70. 9/15/16 Today I will review chapter 1 – part 1. Warm Up –
Write a paragraph about the metric system addressing
a. bases
b. prefixes
c. large vs. small
d. why we use it

71. 9/16/16
Chapter 1A Exam
Take one of each from the side table please!