1. B. Information Technology (IS) CISB434: Decision Support Systems
Chapter 10:
Integration, Impacts & The Future of MSS

2. Learning Objectives
Understand the need for systems integration for MSS
Describe the difficulties in integrating systems
Describe major models of MSS integration
Describe MSS integration with enterprise systems

3. Learning Objectives Discuss the impacts of MSS
Describe organizational impacts of MSS
Learn the potential impacts of MSS on individuals
Describe societal impacts of MSS
Describe major ethical and legal issues of MSS implementation

4. Learning Objectives
Define the digital divide and discuss how to close it
Provide an overview regarding the future of MSS

5. Integration, Impacts & The Future of MSS
Need for Systems Integration in MSS

6. Systems Integration An Overview
Why integrate?
Implementing MSS
Increasing the capabilities of the MSS applications
Enhancing the capabilities of non-MSS applications
Enabling real-time decision support
Enabling more powerful applications
Facilitating system development
Enhancing with intelligent tools

7. Systems Integration An Overview
Levels of integration
Across different MSS
Within MSS
Embedded intelligent systems
Integration and the Web

8. Systems Integration Types of MSS
Models of Integrating ES and DSS
Intelligent systems attached to DSS com-ponents
Database intelligent component
Intelligent system for the model base and its management

9. Systems Integration Types of MSS
Models of Integrating ES and DSS
Intelligent systems attached to DSS com-ponents
Intelligent system for improving the user interface
Intelligent consultant to DSS builders
Intelligent consultant to users

10. Systems Integration Types of MSS
Models of Integrating ES and DSS
An ES as a separate component in a DSS
ES output as input to BA
Analysis output as input to ES
Feedback

11. Systems Integration With Enterprise Systems & KM
Integration with ERP and SCM Systems
Integration with KMS
Integration of KMS with other business in-formation systems
Integrating DSS and KMS
Integration of intelligent systems and KMS
Other KM–related integration

12. Integration, Impacts & The Future of MSS
The Impacts of MSS

13. Impacts of MSS

14. Impacts of MSS An Overview
MSS impacts
Particular individuals and jobs
Work structures of departments and units within an organization
Total organizational structures
Entire industries, communities, and society as a whole

15. Impacts of MSS On Organizations
New organizational units
Management support department
BI department (unit)
Artificial intelligence department
Knowledge management department that can be combined with or replace a quantitative analysis unit

16. Impacts of MSS On Organizations
Organizational culture
Restructuring business processes and virtual teams
Business process reengineering (BPR)
Changes in structure, organizational culture, and processes within an entire organization
Simulation modeling and organizational restructuring

17. Impacts of MSS On Organizations
The impacts of ADS systems
Reduction of middle management
Empowerment of customers and business partners
Improved customer service (e.g., faster reply to requests)
Increased productivity of help desks and call centers

18. Impacts of MSS On Organizations
Other organizational impacts
Increased productivity, speed, customer satisfaction, quality, and supply-chain improvements resulting in strategic advantage
Entire industries are affected

19. Impacts of MSS On Organizations

20. Impacts of MSS On Individuals
Job satisfaction
Both positively and negatively.
Some jobs may be enriched by MSS, but others may become more routine and less satisfying.
Computer-based information systems may reduce managerial discretion in decision making
Conversely, one study showed that IT has had a positive effect on four of the five core job dimensions: identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback.
Inflexibility, dehumanization, stress, and anxiety
Job stress and anxiety
Cooperation of experts

21. Impacts of MSS On Society
Changing role of home-bound people
Computer crime and fraud
Consumers
The digital divide
Employment levels
Opportunities for the disabled
Quality of life
Work in hazardous environments

22. Automating Decision Making Manager’s Job
The effect of MSS on managers’ activi-ties and their performance
Less expertise (experience) is required for making many decisions
Faster decision making is possible
Less reliance on experts and analysts
Power is redistributed among managers

23. Automating Decision Making Manager’s Job
The effect of MSS on managers’ activi-ties and their performance
Support for complex decisions makes them faster to make and of better quality
Information needed for high-level decision making is expedited or even self-generated
Automation of routine decisions may elimi-nate some managers

24. Automating Decision Making Manager’s Job
Can managers’ jobs be automated?
Some of their routine decisions, such as scheduling, can be automated
but not other decisions that involve behavioral aspects
The job of top managers is the least routine and therefore the most difficult to automate

25. Intelligent & Automated Syst. Employment Levels
Impact of MSS on employment levels
MSS have the potential to
significantly affect the productivity and employ-ment of many types of employees
partially or even completely eliminate jobs
Technology is getting less expensive and more capable
bringing about substantial changes in jobs and job content

26. Intelligent & Automated Syst. Employment Levels
Impact of MSS on employment levels
Two extreme positions
massive unemployment
increased employment
There are a number of newly created MSS-related jobs

27. Intelligent & Automated Syst. Employment Levels
Impact of MSS on employment levels
Questions about how intelligent sys-tems will affect employment
Is some unemployment socially desirable?
Should the government intervene in the
distribution of income
determination of the employment level?

28. Intelligent & Automated Syst. Employment Levels
Impact of MSS on employment levels
Questions about how intelligent sys-tems will affect employment
Can the invisible hand in the economy, which has worked so well in the past, continue to be successful in the future?
Will artificial intelligence make most of us idle but wealthy?

29. Other Societal Impacts of MSS Positive Effects of MSS
Work in hazardous environments
Opportunities for the disabled and elderly
The changing roles of single parents and home-bound people
Improvements in health care delivery
Aids for the consumer
Quality of life at home and in the workplace
Law enforcement and homeland security improvement

30. Other Societal Impacts of MSS Potential Negative Effects
Computer crime and internet fraud
Too much power
The dangers of the web
Blaming the computer phenomenon
Social responsibility

31. Integration, Impacts & The Future of MSS
Ethical & Legal Issues of MSS Implementation

32. Legality, Privacy & Ethics Some Issues
Legal issues
What is the value of an expert opinion in court when the expertise is encoded in a computer?
Who is liable for wrong advice (or infor-mation) provided by an ES?
What happens if a manager enters an incorrect judgment value into an MSS and the result is damage or a disaster?

33. Legality, Privacy & Ethics Some Issues
Legal issues
Who owns the knowledge in a knowledge base?
Should royalties be paid to experts who provide knowledge to an ES or a know-ledge base?
Can management force experts to contri-bute their expertise?

34. Legality, Privacy & Ethics Some Issues
The right to be left alone and the right to be free from unreasonable personal intrusions
Two rules followed fairly closely in court decisions
The right of privacy is not absolute. Privacy must be balanced against the needs of society
The public’s right to know is superior to the in-dividual’s right to privacy

35. Legality, Privacy & Ethics Some Issues
Collecting information about individuals
The Web and information collection
Homeland security and individual privacy

36. Legality, Privacy & Ethics Some Issues
Ethics in decision making and support
Personal values constitute a major factor in the issue of ethical decision making
Non-work related use of the Internet

37. Legality, Privacy & Ethics Some Issues
Ethics in decision making and support
Framework describing ethics processes and systems
Who is the agent?
What action was actually taken or is being con-templated?
What are the consequences of the act?
Is the result fair or just for all stakeholders?

38. Legality, Privacy & Ethics Some Issues

39. Integration, Impacts & The Future of MSS
The Digital Divide

40. Digital Divide Definition
Growing gap between those who have and those who do not have the ability to use the technology
The gap exists both within and between countries as well as between large and small businesses

41. Digital Divide Closing the Gap
One device that is helping to close the gap is the smart phone that enables Internet access without the need of having a PC

42. Integration, Impacts & The Future of MSS

43. Management Support Systems The Future
MSS will play a larger role in strategic management due to BPM systems
Increase in use of the Web for MSS development and applications
BI is being combined with other Web-based enterprise systems
CRM, ERP and KM

44. Management Support Systems The Future
Intelligent systems have become major contributors
in the fight against terrorism and fraud
to productivity and improvements of quality of life
Web-based advisory services will mush-room on the Internet

45. Management Support Systems The Future
More complex MSS applications are expected
more complex problems will be solved
The trend toward making MSS more intelligent will persist

46. Management Support Systems The Future
Advancements in mobile, wireless, and pervasive computing
require the use of a greater and more diversified number of intelligent devices
MSS will be available for dissemination via Application Service Providers (ASP)

47. Management Support Systems The Future
Natural language-based search engines will populate the Internet, facilitating MSS construction by reducing costs
The semantic Web will increase the use of MSS
The use of voice technologies and natural language processing will further facilitate the usage of MSS

48. Management Support Systems The Future
Frontline decision support technologies that mostly support CRM will become an integral part of IT in most medium-sized and large organizations
MSS will continue to be integrated with ERP to provide better SCM, including manufacturing planning and control

49. Management Support Systems The Future
Large numbers of experts will offer expertise on the Internet and will become an important part of knowledge dissemination
More and more companies will initiate formal KM programs
some will sell that knowledge to others

50. Management Support Systems The Future
The usage of wireless technologies will allow employees to access MSS and knowledge bases anytime and from anywhere
Intelligent agents will roam the Internet and intranets, assisting decision makers in the monitoring and interpretation of information

51. Management Support Systems The Future
Groupware technologies for remote collaboration and communication will become easier to use, more powerful, and less expensive
Decision support tools for e-commerce will expand to include more and better tools

52. Management Support Systems The Future
ADS systems are spreading across and within industries, empowering and sometimes replacing employees
Grid computing will be used for analysis of very large amounts of data

53. THE END thank you for listening