1. Heart and Blood Objectives:
Develop a basic knowledge of the heart, lungs and blood
Investigate the link between breathing and exercise

2. The cells in your body need oxygen and nutrients to make energy and stay alive.

3. The main function of the blood is to transport this O2 to the cells and CO2 away.

4. The heart
The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump.
With each heartbeat, blood is sent throughout our bodies, carrying oxygen and nutrients to every cell.
It is more or less in the centre of your chest.
It pumps about times a day.
The heart has four chambers that are enclosed by thick, muscular walls

6. The bottom part of the heart is divided into two chambers called the right and left ventricles, which pump blood out of the heart.
The upper part of the heart is made up of the other two chambers of the heart, the right and left atria. The right and left atria receive the blood entering the heart.

7. The blood is pumped by the heart through blood vessels, called arteries and veins.
Arteries pump the blood quickly away from the heart. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood away from the heart it leads to the lungs to get oxygen
The aorta is the body's largest blood vessel. It carries oxygenated blood around the body.

8. Veins pump the used up blood slowly back to the heart.
They're not as muscular as arteries, but they contain valves that prevent blood from flowing backward.
The two largest veins are the superior and inferior vena cavae
The pulmonary vein carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the heart

9. Experiment: to investigate the link between breathing/heart rate and exercise
Locate pulse of partner
Count pulses for 30 seconds (x2)
Record your results
Run on the spot for 60 seconds
Re-take the count for 30 seconds (x2)
Rest for a few minutes, get your partner to check your pulse after 1 minute rest, wait a minute check again… wait check- how long did it take to return to the normal rate
Fitness levels are measured by how long it takes to get back to normal heart beat
(Also, monitor breathing levels before and after exercise)

12. If the heart stops pumping, cells don’t get their oxygen, can’t generate energy, therefore you die.

13. Blood is made up of mainly water with white and red blood cells.
Red blood cells carry the oxygen from the lungs to the different parts of the body.
White blood cells find and kill infections and diseases in the body.

14. Most of people have about 5 – 6 litres of blood.

16. Human Heart

17. The pace of the heartbeat can be measured by checking your pulse.
The easiest places to check your pulse are your wrist, neck and the back of your knee.
The average adult heart rate is about 72 beats per minute and a child’s is a bit higher
A mouse’s is about 500 per minute and an elephant’s 25
Exercise, emotions, temperature, shock and drugs can affect heart rate.

19. cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in all cells of the body
The body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D and substances that help you digest foods
However, like most things, too much is bad for your health.
Too much cholesterol can gather in your blood vessels and block them. This can cause heart attacks.

20. Cholesterol

21. Lowering your cholesterol
Avoid eating too much fatty foods, meat dairy, sweets, chips and crisps etc.
Take plenty of exercise.
Get your cholesterol checked regularly when you become an adult.

22. Heart Disease

23. Exercise
The heart has to pump the blood to the body faster during exercise.
This is because the cells need extra oxygen to make energy for the exercise.
Sweat is the human body’s method of temperature control for when it gets too hot.

25. Breathing
The human body has two lungs in the chest, which are made of spongy tissue.
Bronchiole trees in the lungs squeeze O2 into the blood vessels and co2 out.
In adults the average lung capacity is about 5½ litres. About ½ a litre is breathed in and out each time (at rest). Do you think its more or less at exercise?

27. Asthma
For some people, the bronchiole tubes in your lungs can be tighter, squeezed and more closed down.
An inhaler expands the tubes quickly and allows you to breathe.

28. Asthma

29. Asthma Attacks Asthma attacks can be prevented by:
Avoiding large amounts of pollution, dust, strong smelling chemicals like hairspray, animal hair
Taking plenty of exercise to keep the lungs strong