1. Chapter 28 APUSH Mrs. Price
“All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.” - Edmund Burke

2. American Morale
High after Pearl Harbor
Voluntary enlistments common

3. Major Battles of WWII
War in Europe

4. Battle of Stalingrad Sept 1942 – Jan 1943
Turning point of war in Europe
Russians defeat Germans

6. Operation Torch Oct 1942 Invasion of North Africa
Commanders: Rommel (Germany); Montgomery (Britain); Eisenhower & Patton (US)
Germans surrendered May 1943 in Tunisia

7. Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly”

8. Allied Invasion of Italy
July 1943
Mussolini forced to resign
Italy surrenders Sept 1943; declares war on Germany
Russians not invited to participate in surrender

9. Normandy Invasion D-Day/Operation Overlord June 6, 1944
200,000 Allied troops under command of Eisenhower land on French coast
German defenses had been softened by heavy bombardment
Allies broke through German lines & pushed inland

10. D-Day Invasion

11. Operation Anvil Aug 15, 1944 Allied invasion of Southern France
Goal: advance to Paris & meet troops from Operation Overlord
Paris liberated Aug 25, 1944

12. Battle of the Bulge
Dec 1944
Last major German offensive in Ardennes forest of Belgium
Allies regain original position in Jan 1945; begin to push toward Germany

13. End of War in Europe
Eastern Front: Russian troops march through Poland & head toward Berlin
Western Front: American & British forces cross the Rhine March 1945
April 12: FDR dies; Truman becomes president
April 28: Mussolini assassinated
April 30: Hitler commits suicide

14. V-E Day (May 8)
May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders

15. War in the Pacific
Allied strategy: win in Europe first

17. Assault on the Philippines
MacArthur (US)
Dec 8, 1941: Japan begins aerial attacks; Dec 22: 43,000 troops land; US defense unsuccessful
US pushed back to Bataan – surrendered April 8, 1942

18. 10,000 died on 65 mile march to POW camps
Bataan Death March
10,000 died on 65 mile march to POW camps

19. Bombing of Tokyo (April 1942)

20. Battle of Coral Sea
May 1942
Stopped Japanese drive towards Australia

21. Battle of Midway June 3, 1942 Operation Magic
US forces attack Japanese fleet; destroy naval power
US commander: Nimitz
Turning point of war in Pacific: Allies now on offensive

22. American Offensive
Battle of Guadacanal (July 1942 – Feb 1943) : Japan gives up island; first taste of jungle warfare
Battles in Gilberts, Marshalls, & Marianas ( )

23. End of the War in the Pacific
Island hopping: 1943 & 1944
Battle of the Philippines Sea (June 1944): US victory
Battle of the Leyte Gulf (Oct 1944): MacArthur returns to the Philippines
Largest naval battle in history
Manila taken in Feb 1945

24. Iwo Jima & Okinawa (1945)

25. Bombing of Tokyo
May 23, 1945
83,000 died

26. Manhattan Project
Secret plan to develop the atomic bomb (Began Aug 1942)
Robert Oppenheimer
Fat Man & Little Boy

27. Hiroshima
Aug 6, 1945
130,000 died immediately

28. Nagasaki
Aug 9, 1945
60,000 killed

29. V-J Day
Aug 13, 1945: Japan surrenders
V-J Day (Sept 2)

30. Why the Atomic Bomb was Used
To end war quickly
To save US lives – vs. invasion of Japan
To serve as a deterrent

31. War at Home Economic Recovery Increased federal spending Incomes grew
Personal savings grew

32. Development of the West
To serve the needs of the military
Transformed region’s economy

33. Soldiers

34. War Created a Labor Shortage
15 million men & women in armed forces
Brought new workers into work force
Increased union membership (maintenance-of-membership agreement)
Also put restrictions on unions (no strike pledge)

35. Fear of Inflation Leads to Govt Action
Anti-Inflation Act (1942): govt could freeze prices, wages, rents
Office of Price Administration: rationed scarce consumer goods

36. Financing the War 1941-1945: $321 billion
Half $ raised by selling bonds
Rest by income taxes

37. War Production
War Production Board (1942): not very effective – became Office of War Mobilization
Mass production gave US advantage

38. African Americans & the War
FDR created Fair Employment Practices Commission: to investigate discrimination in war industries
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality): sit-ins
Better treatment in military

39. Native Americans & the War
25,000 served in military
Code-talkers
Many young left reservation – jobs, military service

40. Mexican-Americans & the War
Bracero program (1942): Mexicans could work in US for a limited time
Zoot Suit Riots (June 1943)

41. Japanese Americans & the War
127,000 – most in CA (Issei & Nisei)
Feb 1942: FDR authorized internment (War Relocation Authority)
Camps were harsh; some were allowed to work, go to college
1944: Korematsu v. US: relocation is constitutional
1988: Reparations to survivors

43. Executive 9066

45. Chinese Americans & the War
Status improved during war
1943: Congress repealed Chinese Exclusion Act

46. Social Changes Women in work force increased Juvenile crime increased
Rosie the Riveter
WACs & WAVEs
Juvenile crime increased
Marriage, birth rates increased

47. 7 Future American Presidents Served in World War II

48. WW II Casualties Civilians only. Army and navy figures.
Country
Men in war
Battle deaths
Wounded
Australia
1,000,000
26,976
180,864
Austria
800,000
280,000
350,117
Belgium
625,000
8,460
55,5131
Brazil2
40,334
943
4,222
Bulgaria
339,760
6,671
21,878
Canada
1,086,3437
42,0427
53,145
China3
17,250,521
1,324,516
1,762,006
Czechoslovakia —
6,6834
8,017
Denmark
4,339
Finland
500,000
79,047
50,000
France
201,568
400,000
Germany
20,000,000
3,250,0004
7,250,000
Greece
17,024
47,290
Hungary
147,435
89,313
India
2,393,891
32,121
64,354
Italy
3,100,000
149,4964
66,716
Japan
9,700,000
1,270,000
140,000
Netherlands
6,500
2,860
New Zealand
194,000
11,6254
17,000
Norway
75,000
2,000
Poland
664,000
530,000
Romania
650,0005
350,0006
South Africa
410,056
2,473
U.S.S.R.
6,115,0004
14,012,000
United Kingdom
5,896,000
357,1164
369,267
United States
16,112,566
291,557
670,846
Yugoslavia
3,741,000
305,000
425,000
WW II Casualties
Civilians only.
Army and navy figures.
Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
Deaths from all causes.
Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany.
Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany.
National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.