1. Chapter 1: Meet three of Canada’s First Nations
Our Canada

2. Similar and Different?
Nations can be alike and different at the same time.
Compare Canada and the United States
Same
Different

3. Group Work Mi’kmaq – Haudenosaunee- Anishinabe-
7G – SOCIAL Ginny, Megan, Shanoah
- ECONOMIC Christeena, Sheena, Joel, Brianna
7M – SOCIAL Naomi, Ethan, Lauren
- ECONOMIC Ashley, Madison, Riley, Valeria
Haudenosaunee-
7G – SOCIAL Kourin, Katie, Logan
- ECONOMIC Alex M., Airrick, Jamie, Ben
7M –SOCIAL Danielle, Kole, Roarke
- ECONOMIC James, Myles, Owen, Christine
Anishinabe-
7G – SOCIAL Matthew, Kassandra, Salo
- ECONOMIC Alex O., Sarah, Kirsten, Cleary
7M – SOCIAL Justin, Sean, Madeline
- ECONOMIC William, Haley, Jessica

4. What to do?? Read the stories relating to your first nations group.
You will be responsible for teaching the rest of the class about the Social and Economic Structure of your First Nations Tribe.
You will read and research first. You will gather information to fill in your chart.
When we finish, we will present our findings to the class. Work as a group!

5. Mi’kma q Economic Structure
Examples of how the society used the land.
Divided into districts (7)
Fishing, hunting, gathering
Used poles and bark to build Wigwam (home)
Dug their own ponds for farm fresh water fish
Wood: Toboggans, canoes, medicine bark
Rocks to make cooking vessels
Evergreen branches to make mattresses
Nomadic: moved from the coast in the summer to the forests in the winter
THEY DID NOT CHANGE THE LAND TO SUIT THEIR NEEDS….THEY FIT THEIR WAY OF LIFE TO THE OPPORTUNITIES THE LAND OFFERED.

6. Mi’kmaq Economic Structure
Examples of technologies the society used:
Snowshoes for harsh weather conditions
Used implements for collecting sap
Used canoes for river navigation and ocean travel
Used toboggan to transport goods
Made netting to catch fish
Wigwams were transportable (could pack up and move to new location)
Make storage bins from porcupine quills

7. Mi’kmaq Social Structure
Examples of how the society made decisions:
Grand Council (men, council of 7 districts)
People agreed on plans
Chosen leader called Saquamaw
Council of Elders; they are a group of people that chose and advised leaders

8. Mi’kmaq Social Structure
Examples of the role of women in decision making:
Women sat in meetings but did not have a say
A woman could be in the council of elders if they were respected
One job was to cook
Women were responsible for setting up camp
Tended crops
MEN AND WOMEN REGARDED EACH OTHERS ROLES AS EQUALLY IMPORTANT IN THE SURVIVAL OF THE GROUP.

9. Mi’kmaq Social Structure
Examples of the role of men in decision making:
Had to kill a big game animal to participate in meetings
If they were respected enough they could be chosen for Council of Elders or Grand Council
They were the hunters

10. Anishinabe Economic Structure
Examples of how the society used the land:
Food, forts ceremonies, hunting
Harvested rice, collected berries, plants and medicine
Fishing wild sturgeon
Collected maple sap from the trees, made maple syrup
Canoes from birch bark
Used river for travelling and trade
Wooden beads for Wampum Belts, also shells from river banks
TOOK ONLY WHAT THEY NEEDED AS THEY BELIEVED CREATION REPAID THIS REPSECT BY CONSTANTLY RENEWING ITSELF.

11. Anishinabe Economic Structure
Examples of technologies the society used:
Waterproof wood
Longbows and arrows for hunting
Implements to collect skin and maple sap
Stick to beat the wheat stacks.
Harpoons and nets for fishing
Poler and knocker to gather rice

12. Anishinabe Social Structure
Examples of how the society made decisions:
Consensus (all had to agree)
Split into clans, became a part of your fathers clan
Crane clan =leadership
Fish = teachers or educators
Bear = Police or Peacekeepers
Hoof = Community Needs
Marten = Defense
Bird = Spiritual Guidance and needs
Ogimauh was the leader of the Anishinabe
Decisions centered around respectful relationships with people, animals, land, sky…everything
Wampum belt held by speaker
All people expressed concerns

13. Anishinabe Social Structure
Examples of the role of women in decision making:
Sat in circle during decision making, could voice concerns
Raised children
Cleaned cooked
Harvested berries
Equal part in clan life, little to do with final decisions

14. Anishinabe Social Structure
Examples of the role of men in decision making
Leaders of clan
Provided and hunted food for clan members
Involved in ALL decision making
They were responsible for marrying children off to settle disputes
Sat in circles for every meeting

15. Haudenosaunee Economic Structure
Examples of how the society used the land:
Trees to make canoes, bows, etc
Maple trees for syrup
Shells for Wampum Belts
Bushes for berries
Hunting, fishing, gathering food
Baskets for cleaning berries and food
Longhouses built of wood and elm bark
Cornfields
Grew corn, beans and squash….aka “Three Sisters”
Year round settlements, but would move when the soil was depleted of nutrients
Fish heads to fertilize the soil.

16. Haudenosaunee Economic Structure
Examples of technologies the society used:
Arrows made from wood
Weapons made from rocks and wood
Baskets made from wood used to wash kernels of corn that later made soup.

17. Haudenosaunee Social Structure
Examples of how the society made decisions
Clan mothers made final decisions
Peacemaker to prevent wars
Great Law of Peace
Elders used decisions from past
Signed Treaties to make final decisions
Allegiance
Grand Council
50 Chiefs to make decisions
Weapons go under a peace treaty so no war can come about
Hoyaneh is the leader under the Clan Mother
Strength in unity, weakness in division
Leaders did not control or influence, they only listened (chosen because they were good listeners)

18. Haudenosaunee Social Structure
Examples of the role of women in decision making
Clan Mothers voted for decisions
Women did not vote, but could express interests and opinions to men
Could hunt and gather
Women planted crops
Clan mothers looked after all children and groomed the next generation of leaders.
Made leather moccasins for men.

19. Haudenosaunee Social Structure
Examples of the role of men in decision making:
Men voted to support other interests
All chiefs were men
Men in Grand Council
Peacemaker was also male
Men could only vote
Hoyaneh made final decision
50 chiefs were men
Had to prove themselves by sitting in a tall tree that was cut down. The tree would fall into a deep ravine, if the boy returned unharmed, he was deemed a man and worthy of leadership.