1. British India : Traders to Rulers
The Crown Jewel

2. East India Company
1600s British entered Mughal India (Islamic Empire) as traders—economic interest
Dutch east india company, French east india company, portugees

3. East India Company (EIC)
EIC struggled at first, but after defeating the French and the decline (weakening) of the Mughal Empire allowed the company to become a dominant force in the region.
They shipped over British soldiers and hired and trained native soldiers (Sepoys) to protect their interests.
As the EIC grew in strength they started taking hundreds of kingdoms
Alliances
Protectorates
Wars
Portugees were so terrible they preferred British and the French who were more respectful of the Indian customs.

4. There was no india before the British… there were countless kingdoms ruled over by Mughal empire

5. Diversity India was diverse. 100s of languages and traditions
Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Jains, Farsi (Zoroastrian), Christians, Jews, etc.
“Divide and Rule”
Encouraged competition and disunity.
British pitted one kingdom after another by making alliances and protectorates

6. Battle of Plassey

7. Westernization Created roads, created army, police force etc
Created the idea of “India”
Legal codes
Established roads, transportation, and communication
Western education and reforms
“Sati” – Widow Burning
“Thagis” – organized murderers who practiced human sacrifice
Infanticide
Establishment of Universities
There was no unified india. There were kingdoms controlled by empires.
Indians today are very proud to say that they never invaded another country. This is true, because there was no india and the kingdoms that were in a place that we would call india today were too busy fighting themselves.

8. Sati

9. Thagis

10. British Rule
After the loss of the American colonies, the British took great lengths to respected the native’s culture and traditions of their colonies.
However, as they became more powerful they became more intolerant. Respect was replaced with inequality and mistreatment
Natives became second class citizens and servants to the British rulers.

11. What kind of meat is not allowed to be eaten in Hinduism?
What kind of meat is not allowed to be eaten in Islam?

12. Discontent (Unhappy) Remarriage Laws The Indians became servants Taxes
Sepoys – Indian soldiers in service of the British
They were forced to use rifle cartages that were made from pig and cow fat
Forced to travel by sea, which Hindus feared it would jeopardize their caste.

13. Sepoy Mutiny (Rebellion)
Meerut, 85 Sepoys were inprisoned because they refused to use the rifles.
Angry Sepoys rose up against the British Officials, marched to Delhi, and hailed the Mughal Emperor as the ruler
Incidents of mutinies and atrocities rose up all over India
Four British people survived of 400 men, women, and children who were fleeing to Alluahbad
British eventually ended the rebellion
Executed every soldier and leader
Burned, destroyed, and slaughtered villages
British India Company is replaced with the Viceroy (highest position held by the british under the queen in india)
British become the rulers of India
Shah Bahadur reluctantly went along with it. War of India's independence! Heroes rose up from each parts of india Rani of Jansi Mengal Pentady. But sadly they were not organized as the british.

14. Rani of Jansi
Mengel Pendey

16. What do you see in the picture?
Pictures were taken in Lucknow, a stronghold for the rebels

17. Bahadur Shah II deposed and exiled
The shah was exiled, and all of his sons were murdered in their palace by the British.
Queen Victoria became the QUEEN OF ALL OF BRITISH INDIA

18. British become the rulers of India

19. Painful road to Self-Rule
Nationalism in India
Painful road to Self-Rule

21. WWI
Indians participated in WWI – hoping it would lead to greater reforms at home
No significant reforms were made
Indians became increasingly unhappy with their rulers

22. Amritsar Massacre Large peaceful protesters were shot by the British
Killed over 400
Wounded 1100
Women and children
It upset the Indians even more

23. Growing Nationalism Indian National Congress
mostly Hindu middle class with western education
believed in a peaceful protest to gain more power to the Indians (Self-Rule)
Independence of India
Muslim League—Represented interest of the Muslims
Muslims were afraid of Hindu Majority

24. Mohandas K. Gandhi Leader of the Indian National Congress
Iconic nationalist hero of India
He will unite Indians of different religion and classes to defy the British rule.

25. Mohandas K. Gandhi “Mahatma” (Great Soul) Organized Campaigns
Nonviolence
Ahimsa – “Non-harming” of all life
Civil Disobedience
Refusal to obey unjust rule
Boycotting (refusal to buy)
Equal rights : men, women, and caste
Untouchables : lowest class in Hindu society

26. Civil Disobedience Salt was monopolized by the British Salt March
It was illegal to take or sell salt without permission
Salt March
Gandhi and his followers made 240 mile march to the sea. Where he picked up lump of sea salt
Other Indians followed
Gandhi was arrested

28. Consequence Thousands of Indians were imprisoned, beaten, and killed
Showed the world the brutality of British Rule
Indians were gradually given more power