1. Hitachi Data Systems Network Storage Systems
John Harker
Sr. Product Marketing Manager
Hitachi Data Systems
September 21, 2004

2. Storage Systems and the SAN Food Chain
Computers connect to storage systems via Fibre Channel, iSCSI, FICON, ESCON links
Direct attach or through SAN
Storage system firmware takes physical drives and presents RAID-grouped logical devices out of which storage is allocated
Example Switch Vendors: Brocade, McDATA, CNT, Cisco
Example Array Vendors: HDS, EMC, IBM, HP, Sun, generic JBOD
Storage Area Network
Application
Server
Switch
Storage System
Application Database
File System / Volume
HBA
Switch Port
Switch
Switch Port
Storage Port
LDEV
RAID
Group
CHIP, CA,
CSW, DKA

3. Enterprise Storage Hitachi Lightning 9900™ V Series

4. Hitachi Lightning 9900™ V Series
Availability
No single point of failure
Non-disruptive everything
100% data availability
Availability enhancing software
Connectivity
48/64 host channel ports
8192 virtual ports
Fibre Channel/ESCON/FICON
Host Storage Domains
Scalability
8192 logical addresses
18TB/148TB raw capacity
146GB 10K drives
73GB 10K & 15K drives
36GB 15K drives
Performance
15GB/s aggregate bandwidth
Hi-Star™ Crossbar Switch Architecture
End-to-end Fibre
Performance Maximizer tools

5. Separate Front End / Back End cards
Front-end – Channel Adapters
64-bit processors
One port, one processor for all LUNs
All ports are fast and share no port resources
Connected via Silicon Switch Architecture to:
Backend – Array Control Processors (ACP)
1Gbps FC-AL to the physical disks
4 paths per ACP, 8 paths per ACP Pair
32 total physical disk loops for a total of 32 GB/s

6. Hi-Star™ Crossbar Switch Architecture

7. Lightning 9900 V Series Hardware Summary
Up to 48 channels (16 w 2nd ACP)
8192 logical addresses
1 or 2 Array Control Processors (ACP)
Up to 3GB Control Memory
Up to 64GB cache
Up to 63 Array groups
128 HDD
36GB/73GB/146GB
18TB raw
Raid 5
3+1, 7+1
Raid 1+
2+2, 4+4
1-4 Spare disks
Min one per rpm type
Optional 2nd Service Processor (SVP)
Lightning 9980V™
Up to 64 channels
8192 logical addresses
1 std, 2,3 or 4 ACPs
Up to 6GB Control Memory
Up to 128GB cache
Up to 254 Array groups
1024 HDD
36GB/73GB/146GB
148TB raw
Raid 5
3+1, 7+1
Raid 1+
2+2, 4+4
1-16 Spare disks
Min one per rpm type
Optional 2nd Service Processor (SVP)

8. Firmware Assists Host Storage Domains (HSD) Priority Access
Allows sharing of physical ports
Each HSD has its own logical (virtual) FC port
FC port “mode set” applies to logical FC port in each HSD
Each HSD has its own set of LUNs
Hosts matched to their assigned HSD based upon WWN
Hosts can only “see” their own HSD
Priority Access
Allocates bandwidth based on QoS requirements
At physical port level, or Host Group level within Port
Enables consolidation of mixed workloads
Disk-based Virtual WORM
Storage System and Storage Area Management Products
CIM- and SMI-S-based strategy
Business Continuity Products
Local/Remote, mirrors or shadows, sync or async
All of the items listed on this page, except priority access, and on both Lighting and Thunder. Priority access is Lightning only

9. Midrange Storage Hitachi Thunder 9500™ V Series

10. Hitachi Thunder 9500™ V Series Tiered Storage “in a box”
Data Characteristics
Operational
Data 1
Fibre Channel high- performance, higher-cost storage
(Dynamic online data, rich media, large data bases, etc.)
High-speed transactions
High-speed data access
Data integrity a must
Fixed
Content 2
Data retained “forever”
Redundancy desired
Data integrity over long haul
Response time in seconds
Can employ WORM
SATA-based high- capacity, lower-cost storage
(Fixed content: Old , X-rays, Regulatory data, etc.)
From 3U Rack system to up to 107 Terabytes
Dual controller, 2, 4 or 8 data-path design
Fully fault tolerant and fault self-correcting
Shares business continuity and management products with Lighting line
Backup
Data 3
Thunder fibre, particularly the Thunder 9585V, offers the best performance in the industry with fibre storage. This is ideal for operational data, such as data bases, rich media, online access, etc.
SATA-based high- capacity, lower-cost storage
(Backup data: Any data that is going to get backed up to tape.)
Examples: D2D2T
Data stays until next backup – provides rapid restore of last backup. Restore performance is key
Tape is not eliminated, but its usage is confined to offsite ARCHIVAL only
Tape

11. Hitachi Thunder 9500 V Series Family Specifications
FEATURE
Thunder 9530V™
Thunder 9570V™
Thunder 9585V™
Raw capacity
2TB
32TB fibre, 54 TB SATA mix
64TB fibre, 107TB SATA mix
Drives
14 Fibre Channel
224 Fibre, 210 SATA
449 Fibre, 420 SATA
Architecture
Dual Controller, bus
Dual Controller, bus
Dual Controller, bus
Bandwidth
2.1/4.2GB/second
4.2GB/second
7.5GB/second
Front-end connectivity
2 2Gb/s
4 2Gb/s
8 2Gb/s
Back-end connectivity
4 2Gb/s
4 2Gb/s
8 2Gb/s
Mirrored cache
1-4GB
2-4GB
2-8GB
Virtual Storage Ports
256
512
1,024
HDD Types ( GB )
36/72/146 fibre
36/72/146 fibre, 250 SATA
36/72/146 fibre, 250 SATA
MAX LUNs
512
512
2,048
RAID Groups 7 45 90

12. Summary of Major SATA ( PC ) and Fibre Channel (Enterprise) Differences
PATA
SATA
Fibre/SCSI
Performance
Spin rate RPM 2
5400, becoming 7200
7,200
10,000
15,000
Latency ms
5.5 4 3
Seek time ms 13
9.3 5
Command Queuing N Y
RPS no
yes
Dual port
Max transfer MB/s
100/133
150
200
Future max transfer MB/s
133
300, then 600
400, then 1000
Sustained transfer MB/s 46 59 69 75
Reliability
Typical MTBF
300, ,000
600,000
1,200,000
Duty cycle
8 by 5, not continual high
access use
24 by 7 by 365 continual
high access
Rotational vibration
5 rads / sec / sec
21 rads / sec / sec
Interactive error management
Internal data integrity checks
Price ratio 1
1.1
2 to 3
Notes
2. PATA HDDs with 7200 RPM are beginning to appear. However, most vendors are using SATA instead of PATA
3. Seek times of 10 ms for PATA are beginning to appear. However, most vendors are using SATA instead of PATA
4. Theoretical max for PATA is Only one PATA drive transferring at 133 was found. The rest were 100.
Desktop
Enterprise
Major Differences
1. All figures in this table are typical numbers for the technology listed
Hitachi Data Systems tracks the industry and puts the best possible appropriate drive technology and drives into our Arrays. However we have a policy of not pre-announcing new technologies. Therefore …
No announced plan for faster or larger drives. In general though we track the industry and will be increasing drive sizes & speeds as appropriate.
No announced plans for FATA drive support. The FATA drive is based on the same platform as ATA and Serial ATA drives, but features a dual-ported 2 Gb/s Fibre Channel interface.
No announced plans for SATA II drives. SATA II is the second-generation SATA disk interface which will be deployed in two phases. The first phase, called “Extensions to Serial ATA 1.0”, focuses on addressing needs of servers and network storage. These include queueing, enclosure services, hot plug, cold presence detect, cabling and backplane improvements. The second phase aims at scaling performance to 3.0Gb/sec per port.
No announced plans for Serial Attached SCSI (SAS). This is the next generation parallel SCSI replacement technology, also aiming at 3 Gb/sec per device and support for up to 128 devices via an expander.

13. Thunder 9500 V Series Serial ATA Data Protection Mechanisms
#1 Read-after-write function
Protect against progressive head misalignment
Utilise existing compare circuits
Overcome ATA-interface lack of Byte Check Command (Verify) ④
③Read
Fig. Write & Compare
①Write
②Seek

14. Thunder 9500 V Series Serial ATA Data Protection Mechanisms
#2 Recommend Increase Sparing
Protect against potential higher failure rate of drives
Dynamic Global Hot Sparing
Fast Rich Correction Copy ( faster uCode )
User can set rebuild priority, and change it “on the fly”
Recommend user prioritise rebuild over Host I/O
Automatically schedule maintenance call when 2xspares used (via Hi-Track®)
Threshold for sparing uses S.M.A.R.T information
SMART ( Self-monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology ) is an open standard for monitoring and reporting the health of the disk drive. It is intended to help detect problems with a drive before it has a hardfail. Direct copy sparing will be performed if SMART information indicates softfail thresholds are exceeded. If the disk drive hard fails, parity information will be used to rebuild the disk drive on a global hot spare
The disk drive softfail error threshold has been exceeded. Disk is spared out via copy function
I/O is accepted
Controller
Global hot spare (can be anywhere in Thunder) A B C D E C’

15. Thunder 9500 V Series Serial ATA Data Protection Mechanisms
#3 To reduce SATA drives higher failure rate, the following functions are performed:
Unique microcode in Thunder 9500 V Series enhances HDD functionalities to give superior reliability
During periods of no I/O activity, idle seeks are performed to prevent the heads from remaining in one place. If I/O is constant, every 10 minutes drive access momentarily halts for 5 seconds and a disk sweep is performed
If a drive has been inactive for 2 hours, a Head Unload operation is performed, retracting heads from disk surface until the drive is again accessed
For every record, even on SATA HDDs, an 8 byte LA/LRC check is added. This ensures data consistency

16. Thank You