1. Indoor Air Pollution (IAQ)
Topic 3 Ms Sherina Kamal
Indoor Air Pollution (IAQ)
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5. Asbestos used in a wide range of manufactured goods,
building materials (…………………, ceiling and floor tiles, paper products, and asbestos cement products)
friction products (………………., brake, and transmission parts)
…………………….
Packaging
…………….
coatings
Elevated concentrations of airborne asbestos can occur after asbestos-containing materials are disturbed by cutting, sanding or other remodeling activities
Improper attempts to remove these materials can release asbestos fibers into the air in homes, increasing asbestos levels and endangering people living in those homes
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6. Biological Pollutants
bacteria, molds, mildew, viruses, animal dander and cat saliva, house dust, mites, cockroaches, and pollen
Sources:
……………………………..
……………… are transmitted by people and animals
………………….are carried by people, animals, and soil and plant debris
……………………… are sources of saliva and animal dander
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7. Biological Pollutants
The protein in urine from rats and …………… is a potent allergen
When it dries, it can become ……………………
Contaminated central air handling systems can become breeding grounds for ………, mildew, and other sources of biological contaminants and can then distribute these contaminants through the home
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8. Carbon Monoxide odorless, colorless and toxic gas
Because it is impossible to see, taste or smell the toxic fumes, CO can kill you before you are aware it is in your home
At lower levels of exposure, CO causes mild effects that are often mistaken for the flu
These symptoms include headaches, dizziness, disorientation, ……………………. & ………………….
The effects of CO exposure can vary greatly from person to person depending on ………… overall health and the concentration and ……………..
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9. Carbon Monoxide Sources Unvented kerosene and gas space heaters
……………………………
back-drafting from furnaces
………………………
wood stoves and fireplaces
……………….
generators and other gasoline powered equipment
automobile exhaust from attached garages
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10. Carbon Monoxide Sources tobacco smoke
Incomplete oxidation during combustion in gas ranges and unvented gas or kerosene heaters may cause high concentrations of CO in indoor air
Worn or poorly adjusted and maintained combustion devices (e.g., boilers, furnaces) can be significant sources, or if the flue is improperly sized, blocked, disconnected, or is leaking
Auto, truck, or bus exhaust from attached garages, nearby roads, or parking areas
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11. Formaldehyde
an important chemical used widely by industry to manufacture building materials and numerous household product
by-product of ……………. and certain other natural processes
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12. Formaldehyde
Sources
Pressed wood products (hardwood plywood wall paneling, particleboard, fiberboard)
…….. made with these pressed wood products
Urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI)
Combustion sources and environmental tobacco smoke
Durable press drapes, other textiles, and glues
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13. Lead (Pb) Heavy metals Sources Health effects Lead-based paint Dust
……………..
………………
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14. Radon
Radon is estimated to cause thousands of lung cancer deaths in the U.S. each year
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15. Radon
Radon is estimated to cause about 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year, according to EPA's 2003 Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes
Radon is a ………………………., radioactive gas
You can't see radon
And you can't smell it or taste it
But it may be a problem in your home
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16. Radon
How Does Radon Get Into Your Home?
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17. Radon
It comes from the natural decay of ……………… that is found in nearly all soils
It typically moves up through the ground to the air above and into your home through cracks and other holes in the foundation
Your home traps radon inside, where it can build up
Any home may have a radon problem
This means new and old homes, well-sealed and drafty homes, and homes with or without basements
Cracks in solid floors
Construction joints
Cracks in walls
Gaps in suspended floors
Gaps around service pipes
Cavities inside walls
The water supply
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18. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids
include a variety of chemicals
may have short- and long-term adverse health effects
Concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors
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19. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Examples include
paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings
office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and photographic solutions
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20. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Health Effects
eye, nose, and throat irritation
Headaches
loss of coordination
Nausea
damage to liver, kidney & central nervous system
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21. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Key signs or symptoms associated with exposure to VOCs include:
conjunctiva irritation, nose and throat discomfort, ……………, allergic skin reaction, dyspnea, declines in serum cholinesterase levels, ………, emesis, epistaxis, fatigue, dizziness
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22. SBS-sick building syndrome
situations in which building occupants experience acute health and comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent in a building, but no specific illness or cause can be identified
poorly understood phenomenon where people have a range of symptoms related to a certain building, most often a workplace, and there is no specific identifiable cause
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23. SBS sources
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24. SBS symptoms
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25. SBS symptoms
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26. SBS symptoms headaches and dizziness nausea (feeling sick) …………………………
fatigue (extreme tiredness)
…………………………..
shortness of breath or chest tightness
…………………………………
irritated, blocked or running nose
skin irritation (skin rashes, dry itchy skin)
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27. Who is affected by SBS?
Anyone can be affected by SBS, but office workers in modern buildings without opening windows and with mechanical ventilation or air conditioning are most at risk
This risk increases if they are employed in routine work that involves using display screen equipment
Women appear to be more likely to develop the symptoms of SBS than men
this may be due to more women being employed in offices rather than a higher susceptibility
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28. Risk factors poor ventilation …………………………..
high temperature or changes in temperature throughout the day
airborne particles
dust
carpet fibres or fungal spores
airborne chemical pollutants
from cleaning materials or furniture, or ozone produced by photocopiers and printers
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29. Risk factors physical factors
electrostatic charges
poor standards of cleanliness in the working environment
poor lighting that causes glare or flicker on visual display units (VDUs)
improper use of display screen equipment
psychological factors
stress
………………………..
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30. There are three basic strategies to improve indoor air quality
Source Control
Ventilation Improvements
Air Cleaners
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31. Source Control
Usually the most effective way to improve indoor air quality is to eliminate individual sources of pollution or to reduce their emissions
Some sources, like those that contain asbestos, can be sealed or enclosed
gas stoves, can be adjusted to decrease the amount of emissions
more cost-efficient approach to protecting indoor air quality than increasing ventilation because increasing ventilation can increase energy costs
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32. Ventilation Improvements
Another approach to lowering the concentrations of indoor air pollutants in your home is to increase the amount of outdoor air coming indoors
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33. Ventilation Improvements
Most home heating and cooling systems
including forced air heating systems, do not mechanically bring fresh air into the house
Opening windows and doors, operating window or attic fans, when the weather permits, or running a window air conditioner with the vent control open increases the outdoor ventilation rate
Local bathroom or kitchen fans that exhaust outdoors remove contaminants directly from the room where the fan is located and also increase the outdoor air ventilation rate
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34. Ventilation Improvements
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35. Air Cleaners
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36. Air Cleaners The effectiveness of an air cleaner depends:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………………..
A very efficient collector with a low air-circulation rate will not be effective, nor will a cleaner with a high air-circulation rate but a less efficient collector
The long-term performance of any air cleaner depends on maintaining it according to the manufacturer's directions
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37. END OF LECTURE
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