1. Calculation of evaporative emissions with COPERT Giorgos Mellios
Brussels, 08 February 2012

2. Purpose of COPERT for the group
Evaluate the benefits of a modification of the legislation on evaporative emissions in Europe
Examples:
Parking time distribution (from 12 hours to 120 hours)
Different canister purging
Efficiency decrease over vehicle lifetime
Trip distance distribution

3. COPERT in cost-effectiveness studies
January 2012 – DG Climate Action: Support for Preparation of reports under Article 9.1 (c and j) of Directive 98/70/EC and on the quality of petrol and diesel fuels – Permitted summer petrol vapour pressure
June 2011 – ACEA: EURO 6 Light–Duty Vehicle OBD Project – Evaluation and Assessment of Proposed EOBD Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Thresholds
November 2008 – DG Enterprise: Study on possible new measures concerning motorcycle emissions
December 2004 – DG Environment: Measuring and preparing reduction measures for CO2 emissions from N1 vehicles
Gothenburg protocol revision – EC4MACS
Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution

4. Status of COPERT – Administrative info
The name stands for COmputer Programme to calculate Emissions from Road Transport
Now in its COPERT 4 version (fourth update of the original COPERT 85)
It incorporates results of several research and policy assessment projects
Its development is coordinated by the European Environment Agency in the framework of the activities of the ETC-ACM
The European Commission's Joint Research Centre manages the scientific development of the model
It is scientifically and technically supported by EMISIA S.A. and the Lab of Applied Thermodynamics / Aristotle University Thessaloniki

5. Status of COPERT – Technical info
Calculates emissions of all (important) pollutants from road transport
Covers all (important) vehicle classes
Can be applied in all European countries and in several Asian ones
Can be used to produce total emission estimates from 1970 to 2020 (up to 2030 in TREMOVE)
Provides a user-friendly (MS-Office like) GUI to introduce and view data

6. COPERT: Users
Based on ~900 downloads/year

7. COPERT Applications

8. Calculation of evaporative emissions
fuel-related vehicle-related testing-related
Fuel vapour pressure x
Tank size x
Dry canister weight x
Activated carbon mass x
Fuel tank fill level x
Temperature variation x
Initial canister weight x
Canister purge volume x x
Fuel vapour generation (g)
Initial canister load (g/gC)
Canister breakthrough emissions (g)
Permeation and/or leakage emissions (g)
Total evaporative emissions (g)

9. Canister loading and purging
Canister loading with fuel vapour
Adsorbed vapour mass:
a, b are linear functions of temperature & vapour pressure
Canister purging
Purged vapour mass:
a, b are linear functions of temperature & purge rate
vapour load
breakthrough emissions
purge volume

10. Fleet emissions calculation
Total evaporative emissions:
Eeva,voc,j = 365 ∙ Nj ∙ (HSj + ed,j + RLj)
Hot soak emissions
HSj = x {c [p ∙ es,hot,c + (1 – p) ∙ es,warm,c] + (1 – c) ∙ es,hot,fi}
Running losses
RLj = x {c [p ∙ er,hot,c + (1 – p) ∙ er,warm,c] + (1 – c) ∙ er,hot,fi}

11. Parking time distribution
Parking duration distributed into 24 time classes ranging from <0.5 to >11.5 h
Each combination of parking duration and parking end-time has a probability factor fk
∑ fk = 1

12. Modifications to COPERT code
Update table on parking distribution
Activity data from GPS recordings
Extend table from 12 to 120 h
Canister specifications parameters
Activated carbon working capacity
Canister status before parking
Efficiency decrease over vehicle lifetime

13. Parking time distribution

14. Trip distance distribution
Introduce trip distribution to better estimate canister status before parking

15. Purge volumes vs trip distance

16. Input to cost – effectiveness study
COPERT model being adjusted to simulate different evaporative emissions scenarios
Simulation comparing different type approval requirements
Simulation runs with updated COPERT
Calculation of evap emissions for a baseline and Euro 6 scenarios
All EU27 MS and selected years (2015, 2020, 2025, 2030)
Euro 6 vehicle fleet population and activity data from EC4MACS
Estimation of environmental benefits