1. Chapter 4: Ancient India and China
“In the beginning there was as yet no moral or social order. Men knew their mothers only, not their fathers. When hungry, they searched for food; when satisfied, they threw away the remnants. They devoured their food hide and hair, drank the blood, and clad themselves in skins and rushes. Then came Fu Xi. He taught his subjects to cook, to fish with nets, and to hunt with weapons made of iron. He instituted marriage and offered the first sacrifices to heaven.” Fu Xi also created the I Ching.

2. Section 4: China’s First Dynasties
Main Idea
China’s river valley civilizations built the foundations of a long-shared Chinese culture. The achievements of the Shang and Zhou dynasties can be felt to this day.
Objectives
How did China’s geography affect its early civilization?
What were the achievements of the Shang dynasty?
How did China change during the Zhou dynasty?
What new philosophies were introduced in China?

3. Section 4: China’s First Dynasties

4. Huang He (Yellow) River agriculture
I. China’s Geography
River valleys, fertile soil, & temperate climates aided development of civilization
Huang He (Yellow) River agriculture

5. A. Rivers, Soils, Climates
Two major rivers: Chang Jiang and Huang He; people began growing crops 9000 years ago
Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) – 3917 miles, #3
Huang He (Yellow River - “China’s Sorrow”) – 3398 miles, #6
Xi Jiang River miles, # 53

6. A. Rivers, Soils, Climates
Annual floods deposited silt; Huang He valley has a fine, dusty, yellow soil called loess
Loess Plateau, China
Huang He (Yellow) River

7. A. Rivers, Soils, Climates
Northern China - climate cooler, drier; wheat is principal crop

8. A. Rivers, Soils, Climates
Southern China - warm, plenty of rainfall; rice is main crop

9. B. Isolation
Distance, mountains, and deserts isolated China; resulted in a distinct culture

10. Beginning of Chinese civilization dated to Shang dynasty
II. The Shang Dynasty
Beginning of Chinese civilization dated to Shang dynasty
Approximate boundaries of Shang Dynasty (c – 1050 BC)

11. A. Government and Society
The Shang used irrigation and flood control; had complex bureaucracy and powerful army

12. A. Government and Society
Farmers grew millet and rice, domesticated animals, and raised silkworms

13. A. Government and Society
Artisans laid foundation for Chinese ceramic art; potters used a white clay called kaolin
Shang Tomb Guardian
White Pottery, Shang Dynasty

14. B. Beliefs
Information comes from royal tombs: artifacts and remains of sacrificed prisoners

15. Practiced ancestor worship and sought guidance using oracle bones
B. Beliefs
Practiced ancestor worship and sought guidance using oracle bones

16. III. The Zhou Dynasty
1100 BC – Shang defeated by the Zhou; rule divided into two periods – Western and Eastern Zhou
Zhou Wu Wang established the Zhou Dynasty - the longest dynasty in Chinese history. It lasted for over 800 years and included the reigns of 37 emperors. The achievements during the Zhou Dynasty in economy, politics, science and culture were much more illustrious than any which occurred during the Shang Dynasty.

17. III. The Zhou Dynasty
Zhou believed the gods determined who should rule - the “Mandate of Heaven”

18. III. The Zhou Dynasty
Decline of the Zhou resulted in Warring States Period; Qin dynasty seized power

19. IV. New Philosophies
Most influential philosophies to emerge in late Zhou period were Confucianism and Daoism
The water symbol represents the 'source of life' in Chinese philosophy
The Taijitu (yin and yang) symbol

20. A. Confucianism
Confucius thought people should show respect, do their duty, and honor ancestors
"If you govern your province well and treat your people kindly, your kingdom shall not lose any war. If you govern selfishly to your people, your kingdom will not only lose a war, but your people will break away from your kingdom."

21. His ideas on society were collected in the Analects
A. Confucianism
His ideas on society were collected in the Analects
Kongfuzi BC BC

22. B. Daoism
Daoist follow the Dao to find their place in nature and achieve harmony with universe
Daoism embraced the Chinese concept of yin and yang, representing the balancing aspect of nature—male, female; dark, light; hot, cold. Neither can exist without the other

23. B. Daoism
Origins of Daoist teachings attributed to Lao zi; wrote book called the Dao De Jing