1. SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
Sampling and Analysis

2. 7.3 Selection of a Reference for Sediment Quality Standards
Reasons are that in this case the sediment quality standard is directly linked to the present contamination level of the material that will finally sink to the ground of the water body and contribute to the build up of new sediment layers and that, moreover, this new settled material is the main food source of detrivorous benthic organisms.
It is thought that in contrast to suspended particulate matter, sediment samples taken from the ground of waters give mainly a time integrated indication of past levels of pollution (the time interval covered is dependent on the sampling depth and the intensity as well as the frequency of occurrence of torrential events) and are therefore not recommended as reference for the monitoring of current pollutant levels14. However, sediment samples from the ground of a water body might be suitable to assess the contamination by "historic" pollutants. Further, they might be a suitable reference for quality standards triggering the need for remediation of seriously contaminated sediments. However, the development of such "re- mediation standards" is beyond the scope

3. Water
Definition ?
Dissolved
(Colloid)
Suspended
Particulate
Matter
Sediment

4. Particle Size Spectrum
Continuous size distribution
In a sample collected with centrifugation:
50 % of the particles have a size below 9 µm.
10 % of the particles have a size below 2 µm
< 63 µm
< 20 µm
Typical cut-off values

5. SPM concentration Typical SPM concentration values are:
In lakes around 5 mg/L.
In large European Rivers 20 mg/L in normal conditions.
During flooding events up to 1000 mg/L.
Multiannual averages are 40 mg/L.
In estuaries mg/L.
In coastal zones in the low mg/L range, towards open sea < 1 mg/L.

6. SPM concentration Typical SPM concentration values are:
In lakes around 5 mg/L.
In large European Rivers 20 mg/L in normal conditions.
During flooding events up to 1000 mg/L.
Multiannual averages are 40 mg/L.
In estuaries mg/L.
In coastal zones in the low mg/L range, towards open sea < 1 mg/L.

7. Operative Definition through applied separation method !
e.g.
0.45 µm membrane filter
Centrifuge (Alfa Laval, Padberg, Westfalia, Heraeus, etc.)
Whatman GF/C depth filter
Whatman GF/F depth filter

8. Fernando Dos Santos, IHCP, JRC
Glasfiber filter
Fernando Dos Santos, IHCP, JRC

9. Fernando Dos Santos, IHCP, JRC
Membrane filter

10. Variables in filtration of surface water: Filter material Filter size
Filter poresize/retention
Filter capacity
Filtered volume
Adsorption of dissolved material on filter

11. Residence time in centrifuge Sample inlet/pumping system
Centrifugation
Centrifugal force
Residence time in centrifuge
Sample inlet/pumping system
20-25 sec at g

12. Continuous flow Centrifuge

13. Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
Department of Water Quality
Suspended sediment sampling by mobile centrifuge in the national water quality network
Mark Rieder
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Šabatce 17, CZ Praha 4 – Komořany
tel ,

14. SPM Tool for monitoring with > 10 years practical experience
Need for research (SedNet)
Development of European Standard/Guidance
Comparison of sampling tools
List with methods for analysis