1. BONE PROBLEMS

2. 4 IMPORTANT PROBLEMS
OSTEOPOROSIS
OSTEOMALACIA
RICKETS
PAGET’S DISEASE

3. OSTEOPOROSIS BONE REABSORPTION IS FASTER THAN BONE DEPOSIT.
BONES ARE MORE POROUS & LIGHTER.
SPINE IS MOST AFFECTED.
NECK OF THE FEMUR ALSO AT RISK.
OCCURS MOST OFTEN IN ELDERLY
MORE FREQUENT IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

4. WHY?
THERE IS A DECREASE IN ESTROGEN PRODUCTION (ESTROGEN PROMOTES BONE GROWTH).
INSUFFICIENT EXERCISE TO STRESS BONES
A DIET POOR IN CALCIUM & PROTEIN
ABNORMAL VIT. D RECEPTORS
SMOKING (REDUCES ESTROGEN LEVELS)
DIABETES

5. Tx (treatment)
CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS (1,000 MG PREMENOPAUSAL & 1,500 MG POSTMENOPAUSAL)
VIT. D SUPPLEMENTS
WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISES
STOP SMOKING
HRT (HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY)
FOSAMAX DRUG USED TO TREAT OSTEOPOROSIS

7. OSTEOPOROSIS
NORMAL BONE

8. OSTEOPOROSIS

10. OSTEOMALACIA (known as “rickets” in children)
“SOFT BONES”
NOT ENOUGH MINERALS
AFFECTS WEIGHT-BEARING BONES LIKE THE LEGS & PELVIS
PAIN WITH WEIGHT

12. Tx FOR OSTEOMALACIA & RICKETS
DRINKING VIT D-FORTIFIED MILK
EXPOSURE OF SKIN TO SUNLIGHT