2. From Obligation to Responsiveness to Responsibility
Decisions of a manager may directly or indirectly affect the society.
Social responsibility has been described in different ways by different people – profit making only, going beyond profit making, any discretionary corporate activity intended to enhance social welfare and improving social or environmental conditions.
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3. Social Responsibility
Classical
View
Socioeconomic

4. The Classical View
Management’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits (create a financial return) by operating the business in the best interests of the stockholders (owners of the corporation).
Spending the firm’s resources on doing “social good” unjustifiably increases costs that lower profits to the owners and raises prices to consumers.
However, the most outspoken advocate of this view, Milton Friedman, is not against social responsibility but his interpretation of social responsibility is to maximize profits for stockholders.
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5. The Socioeconomic View
Management’s social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and improving society’s welfare.
Corporations are not independent entities responsible only to stockholders but to stakeholders as well.
Firms have a moral responsibility to larger society to become involved in social, legal, and political issues.
“To do the right thing”
Companies must balance between obligation to shareholders and obligations to the public.
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6. Social Responsiveness
Social Obligation
The obligation of a business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and nothing more. The organization does what it is obligated to do and nothing else.
Social Responsiveness
It means that a company engages in social actions in response to some popular social need.
Managers in these companies are guided by social norms and values and make practical, market-oriented decisions about their actions.
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7. Social Responsibility
A socially responsible company goes beyond what it is obligated to do or chooses to do because of some popular social need and does what it can to help improve society because it’s the right thing to do.
It is a business’s intention that goes beyond its legal and economic obligations, to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society.
This definition assumes that a business obeys the law and cares for its stockholders, and concentrates on doing things that make the society better and not worse.
A socially responsible organization does what is right because it feels it has an ethical responsibility to do so.

8. The 10 Companies With the Best CSR Reputations- 2016
1. Microsoft
2. Google
3. The Walt Disney Company
4. BMW
5. Apple
6. Daimler (Mercedes-Benz)
7. Volkswagen
8. Sony
9. Colgate
10. LEGO GROUP

9. Where does Bangladesh stand in terms of CSR?
CSR is not a new concept in the context of Bangladesh.
Being a part of the global market, it is difficult to ignore CSR standard specifically in the export sector. 
By now, many CSR dimensions are practised in Bangladesh. 
Although consumer rights movement, enforcement of government regulations and a structured view regarding the economic importance of CSR are not yet so widespread in the corporate world in Bangladesh, companies have gradually been attaching more importance to CSR in the local market as well.
Because of global competitiveness and demand, the CSR practices and standards have to be gradually implemented in Bangladesh. But it has a long way to go.
Where does Bangladesh stand in terms of CSR?
Source:

10. A CSR INITIATIVE IN BANGLADESH....

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12. A view of the 4th Standard Chartered - Financial Express CSR Award giving ceremony
Renata, DBL, Nestle BD receive StanChart-FE CSR Award
Source:

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14. Green Management
The recognition of the close link between an organization’s decision and activities and its impact on the natural environment.
Global environmental problems facing managers:
Air, water, and soil pollution from toxic wastes
Global warming from greenhouse gas emissions
Natural resource depletion
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15. Recognition for environmental concern by Viyellatex Bangladesh

16. Another Green effort of Viyellatex Bangladesh
Bangladesh's RMG industry will see one of the first of its kind, Green Factory to be constructed on the outskirts of Gazipur, Dhaka. The factory will be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Gold Category certified by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC). The project is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2012.
Additional info at
The Daily Star, bangladesheconomy.wordpress.com & 

18. ETHICS The rules and principles that define right and wrong conduct.
Managers must consider the outcome of their decisions and actions.
To better understand the implication of ethics on managerial decision making, we have to look at the factors that determine ethical and unethical behavior.

19. REALITIES OF ETHICS......

20. 2016's Top 10 Most Ethical Companies List
National Australia Bank
Bank
Australia
Teachers Mutual Bank
Banks
The Rezidor Hotel Group
Lodging & Hospitality
Belgium
Natura Cosméticos
Health & Beauty
Brazil
Covenant Health
Healthcare Providers
Canada
Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano
Government Services
Colombia
Capgemini
Consulting Services
France
L'ORÉAL
Schneider Electric SE
Diversified Machinery
Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
Consumer Products
Germany

21. Factors That Determine Ethical and Unethical Behavior
Whether someone behaves ethically or unethically when faced with an ethical dilemma is influenced by several things:
(I) his/her stage of moral development
(i) Preconventional level
(ii) Conventional level
(iii) Principled/Postconventional level
(II) individual characteristics
(III) the organization’s structural design
(IV) the organization’s culture
(V) the intensity of the ethical issue
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22. Factors That Affect Ethical and Unethical Behavior
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Exhibit 5.7

23. Stage of Moral Development
Research shows that there are three levels of moral development, each having two stages.
At each successive stage, an individual’s moral judgement becomes less dependent on outside influences and more internalized.
Level 1: a person’s choice between right and wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as punishment, reward, etc.
Level 2: ethical decisions rely on maintaining expected standards and living up to the expectations of others.
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24. Stage of Moral Development (contd)
Level 3: individuals define moral values apart from the authority groups to which they belong.
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25. Factors That Affect Employee Ethics (cont’d)
Moral Development
Research Conclusions:
People proceed through the stages of moral development sequentially.
There is no guarantee of continued moral development.
Most adults are in Stage 4.
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26. Individual Characteristics
Personality Variables
Ego strength
A personality measure of the strength of a person’s convictions
Locus of Control
A personality attribute that measures the degree to which people believe they control their own life/fate.
Internal locus: the belief that you control your destiny.
External locus: the belief that what happens to you is due to luck or chance.
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27. Structural Variables
Organizational characteristics and mechanisms that guide and influence individual ethics:
Goals
Performance appraisal systems
Reward allocation systems
Good structural design minimizes ambiguity and uncertainty and fosters ethical behavior.
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28. Determinants of Issue Intensity
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Exhibit 5.9

29. Organizational culture
Organizational culture reflects what the organization stands for and what it believes in, and they create an environment that influences employee behavior ethically or unethically.
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30. Encouraging Ethical Behavior
Managers can do a number of things if they are serious about encouraging ethical behaviors.
By themselves, such actions won’t have much of an impact.
However, a comprehensive ethics program can potentially improve an organization’s ethical environment.
Some specific ways to encourage ethical behavior and create a comprehensive ethics program are:
Employee selection
Codes of ethics and decision rules
Top management’s leadership
Job goals and performance appraisal
Ethics training – can ethics be taught?
Independent social audits – evaluate decisions and management practices in terms of the organization’s code of ethics
Protective mechanisms-appoint ethical counsellor to advise employees
- A formal statement of an organization’s primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow.
- Social audits evaluate decisions and management practices in terms of the organization’s code of ethics.

31. Ethical Leadership Managers must provide a good role model by:
Being ethical and honest at all times.
Telling the truth; don’t hide or manipulate information.
Admitting failure and not trying to cover it up.
Communicating shared ethical values to employees through symbols, stories, and slogans.
Rewarding employees who behave ethically and punish those who do not.
Protecting employees (whistleblowers) who bring to light unethical behaviors or raise ethical issues.
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