1. Chapter 2. Historical Perspectives

2. Major Phases in the Field of Learning Disabilities
1. Foundation phase:
Brain Research
2. Transition phase:
Clinical Study of Children
3. Integration phase:
School Programs
4. Current phase: present
Current Directions
Chapter 2. Historical Perspectives

3. Time Line: 4 Phases of the Field of LD

4. Example of Visual Perception
Do you see a young woman or an old woman in this picture?
Chapter 2. Historical Perspectives

5. Changes in Terminology
1947. Alfred Strauss
1966. Peter Clements
1963. Samuel Kirk
Brain-injured child
Minimal brain-dysfunction
Learning disabilities
Chapter 2. Historical Perspectives

6. Special Education LawsPL
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
1975 PL
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990
1990 PL
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1997
1997