Foundations of Technology Basic Circuits

Foundations of Technology Basic Circuits
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Foundations of Technology Basic Circuits TITLE SLIDE Teacher Resource – Unit 4 Lesson 4 © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™
12/01/2009 The BIG Idea Big Idea: Troubleshooting allows users to continue to use and maintain the proper operation of a system or product. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Basic Circuits All electronic circuits have a path for electrons to flow and an energy source. Electrons will flow from the negative(-) to the positive(+). The amount of electron flow will depend on resistance. - + [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Direct Current Direct Current (DC) electrons flow in only one direction. Examples: a battery, hand held electronics such as an iPod and other devices like an automobile [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Alternating Current Alternating Current (AC) electrons flow back and forth, negative (-) to positive (+) to negative (-) Examples: the electrical appliances at your house [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 The Atom All matter is made of atoms. The atom is made of three things: Protons Neutrons Electrons P N e- [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Electrons Electrons rotate around the group of proton and neutrons. When electrons move from one atom to the next, it is called electron flow. P N e- [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Electrons Opposite electrical charges always attract and like electrical charges always repel. Balanced atoms normally have an equal number of electrons and protons, which means they are electrically neutral. e- e- e+ e- P N e- [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

Cu Electricity at the Atomic Level Electron Flow
An electron from one orbit can knock out an electron from another orbit. When an atom loses an electron, it seeks another to fill the vacancy. Copper Cu 29

Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Flow Electricity is created as electrons collide and transfer from atom to atom. Play Animation

12/01/2009 Ions Ion particles occur when an atom loses or gains an electron causing an imbalance. When an imbalance occurs, Ion's will take or release an electron to become balanced again, causing electron flow. P N e- [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Ions Ion’s can be charged: Positive (+), which has one less electron than proton. Negative (-), which has one more electron than proton. The positive Ion attracts to a negative Ion to become balanced. P N e- [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Electron Orbits Electrons rotate around the atom at different orbits. Bound electrons orbit around the nucleus on the inner rings Free electrons are loosely held and orbit around the outermost ring which is known as the valance ring e- + [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Insulators An insulator is any material that prevents the flow of electrons. Insulators typically have five to eight free electrons in the outer ring, which means they are tightly held to the atom and cannot easily move. Insulator material includes glass, rubber and plastic. e- + [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Conductors A conductor is any material that easily allows electrons to flow. Conductors typically have one to three free electrons in the outer ring, which means they are loosely held to the atom and can easily move. Conductor material includes copper and gold. e- + [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Semiconductors A semiconductor is neither a good conductor or insulator. Semiconductors have exactly four free electrons in the outer orbit and are commonly used to manufacture diodes, transistors, and integrated circuit chips. Semiconductor material includes carbon, silicon, and germanium. e- + [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Ohm’s Law Proposed by George Ohm, and is the relationship between Voltage, Current and Resistance. Ohm suggested that if you double the Voltage across something that provides resistance, then the current would double. Voltage (V) = Current (I) X Resistance (R) - + V R I [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Voltage Voltage is the electrical force that moves electrons through a conductor. Voltage is electrical pressure that pushes electrons. V I R [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Current Current is the quantity or flow rate of electrons moving past a point. Current flow is also known as amperage, or amps for short. V I R [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Resistance Resistance is the force that reduces or stops the flow of electrons and opposes voltage. V I R [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Resistors in Series In a Series circuit, the current through two or more resistors is the same, and the circuit is connected in a series. The total resistance of the collection is the sum of the individual resistances. R = R1 + R2 + R3 In series, electrons have only one path to follow to complete the circuit and must travel through all components therefore current is the same throughout the series circuit. - + V I 9 5 Ώ 10 Ώ 3 Ώ [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 ation, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Resistors in Parallel In a Parallel circuit, the voltage through two or more resistors is the same, and the circuit is connected in parallel. The total resistance of the collection is divided among the three resistors. 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 In parallel, electrons have multiple paths to follow to complete the circuit and do not need to travel through all components in the circuit to do so therefore voltage is the same throughout a parallel circuit. - + V 14.4 Amp 10 Ώ 1 Ώ 2 Ώ I [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

Parts of the Electronics Kit
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Parts of the Electronics Kit 2 Battery Snaps Battery Speaker SCR Capacitors Photocell Push Button Transistors Diode 3 LED’s 555 Timer Potentiometer 15 Wires Solderless Breadboard [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Parts of the Electronics Kit LED Resistor Transistor Speaker Diode Photocell Transistor Push Button “Can” Capacitor Potentiometer Battery SCR Ceramic Disc Capacitor [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Parts of the Electronics Kit 10 ohm (Brown, Black, Black, Gold) 47 ohm (Yellow, Violet, Black, Gold) 100 ohm (Brown, Black, Brown, Gold) 220 ohm (Red, Red, Brown, Gold) 330 ohm (Orange, Orange Brown, Gold) 470 ohm (Yellow, Violet, Brown, Gold) 1K ohm (Brown, Black, Red, Gold) 2.2K ohm (Red, Red, Red, Gold) 3.3K ohm (Orange, Orange, Red, Gold) 6.8K ohm (Blue, Gray, Red, Gold) 10K ohm (Brown, Black, Orange, Gold) 16K ohm (Brown, Blue, Orange, Gold) 33K ohm (Orange, Orange, Orange, Gold) 120K ohm (Brown, Red, Yellow, Gold) 470K ohm (Yellow, Violet, Yellow, Gold) [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Color Codes Resistors have four (4) color bands on them called the “color code” Band 1 = 1st Digit Band 2 = 2nd Digit Band 3 = Multiplier. Band 4 = Tolerance Gold = 5% Silver = 10% [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

12/01/2009 Building a Circuit The Breadboard includes two sides (a-e and f-j) and the “ditch” or the space in the middle. The holes are connected by rows not columns. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

Practice Building a Circuit
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Practice Building a Circuit Build the circuit below: - + 9 Volts R = 1000 Ohms I [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] 1000 ohms resistor (brown, black, red, gold) © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Practice Building a Circuit Use your simple circuit and measure for Volts, Current and Resistance. - + 9 Volts R I Use the multimeter to measure the resistance. Use the multimeter to measure voltage Place the digital multimeter in series to measure current. 1000 ohms resistor (brown, black, red, gold) [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Practice Building a Circuit Do the math using Ohm’s Law to find the actual value of the resistor - What does it measure? - + 9 Volts R I Use the multimeter to measure the resistance. Use the multimeter to measure voltage Place the digital multimeter in series to measure current. 1000 ohms resistor (brown, black, red, gold) [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc

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