1. Expanding the Balloon ASL Expansion Techniques
Workshop Title/Topic, why we chose to present this and
Presenter Introductions:
Dave
Brenda

2. Expansion in ASL
Expansion or contextualizing in ASL refers to the amount of detail or information conveyed to:
Clarify a topic,
Expand an idea, or
Provide illustration of a point
The discourse style of ASL uses frequent expansion, and
It’s this process, which makes ASL visually dynamic and interesting.
ASL users typically share common experience and world view, the level of detail is often what makes a story, discussion, or lecture different or unique.
Expansion or contextualizing in ASL refers to the amount of detail or information conveyed to:
Clarify a topic,
Expand an idea, or
Provide illustration of a point
The discourse style of ASL uses frequent contextualization, and
Its this process, which makes ASL visually dynamic and interesting.
ASL users typically share common experience and world view, the level of detail is often what makes a story, discussion, or lecture different or unique.

3. Expansion Strategies
The following are seven (7) strategies that have been identified as part of the expansion process:
1. Contrasting
2. Faceting
3. Reiteration
4. Utilizing 3D Space
5. Explaining by Example
6. Couching or Scaffolding
7. Describe then Do
The following are seven (7) strategies that have been identified as part of the expansion process:
1. Contrasting
2. Faceting
3. Reiteration
4. Utilizing 3D Space
5. Explaining by Example
6. Couching or Scaffolding
7. Describe then Do
We will then discuss each strategy, give an example or two then we will try to incorporate this method.

4. 1. Contrasting
Highlights one idea by juxtaposing two opposite ideas in order to emphasize the one.
This is usually by stating the positive, then the negative or the reverse occurs.
Sometimes it is sandwiched in between.
Contrasts are often marked with a negative form: “NOT”, “NO”, “CAN’T”, “NONE”
Example A: “(It’s) HOT, NOT WARM, HOT!”
Example B: “DESERT DRY, MOISTURE NONE, DRY!”
Highlights one idea by juxtaposing two opposite ideas in order to emphasize the one.
This is usually by stating the positive, then the negative or the reverse occurs.
Sometimes it is sandwiched in between.
Contrasts are often marked with a negative form: “NOT”, “NO”, “CAN’T”, “NONE”
Example A: “(It’s) HOT, NOT WARM, HOT!”
Example B: “DESERT DRY, MOISTURE NONE, DRY!”

5. “BALLOONS FEW, NO, MANY BALLOONS!”
1ST EXAMPLE OF MANY BALLOONS:
Use Contrasting: “BALLOONS FEW, NO, MANY BALLOONS”
“BALLOONS FEW, NO, MANY BALLOONS!”

6. “GLACIER WATER, COLD, WARM NO, VERY-COLD, BRRR!”
2ND EXAMPLE: “GLACIER WATER, WARM, NO COLD!”
“GLACIER WATER, COLD, WARM NO,
VERY-COLD, BRRR!”

7. Contrast the following:
I could barely stay awake during the teacher’s lecture.
Mary is so humble.
The mansion is huge.
Contrast the following English sentences and transform into ASL:
I could barely stay awake during the teacher’s lecture.
‘TEACHER LECTURE+++, ME, CAN’T KEEP-EYES-OPEN, WIDE-AWAKE, PAY-ATTENTION, NO, ME CAN’T-KEEP-EYES-OPEN!”
Mary is so humble.
“MARY HUMBLE, BOASTFUL, ATTENTION-GETTER, NO, VERY-HUMBLE”
The mansion is huge. “MANSION, SMALL, CUTE, NO, VERY-HUGE!”

8. 2. Faceting
Describes a feature where several different signs are signed sequentially to express one idea more clearly. Although several signs are used, this feature actually narrows a concept to a more exact or specific image.
Usually used with adjectives or adverbs.
This guides the viewer in a particular direction:
EX: “burned out= “FED-UP // WORN-OUT // GIVE-UP”
2. Faceting: describes a feature where several different signs are signed sequentially to express one idea more clearly. Although several signs are used, this feature actually narrows a concept to a more exact or specific image.
Usually used with adjectives or adverbs.
This guides the viewer in a particular direction:
EX: “burned out= “FED-UP // WORN-OUT // GIVE-UP”

9. “COLORFUL” UNIQUE/ UNUSUAL “HOT AIR BALLOON, MANY COLORS// BRIGHT
// COLORFUL , WOW!”
UNIQUE/ UNUSUAL
Picture of Hot Air Balloon:
COLORFUL” HOT AIR BALLOON, MANY COLORS// BRIGHT// COLORFUL , WOW!”
Picture of Chihuly Glass: UNIQUE/ UNUSUAL: “CHIHULY GLASS, ODD// DIFFERENT// OUT-THERE, MAKE-UP//SPECIAL”
“CHIHULY GLASS, ODD//
DIFFERENT
// OUT-THERE// SPECIAL”

10. Facet the following: My son is so mule-headed.
The presenter is so animated.
The public bathroom was refreshingly clean.
The sea was brilliantly blue.
Facet the following:
My son is so mule-headed.
“ MY SON, STUBBORN, WON’T LISTEN, THICK HEAD, REBELLIOUS”
The presenter is so animated. “PRESENTER EXPRESSIVE, EXCITING, SIGNING ANIMATEDLY”
The public bathroom was refreshingly clean. “PUBLIC BATHROOM, WOW, SHINY, CLEAN, NONE LITTER FLOOR, VERY-CLEAN”
The sea was brilliantly blue. “SEA, VERY-BLUE, SHIMMER, BLUE!”

11. 3. Reiteration
Refers to signs that are repeated in a text exactly the same way as they were initially stated. A sign or signs are used again, reiterated, within a passage.
This implies emphasis: that something is important to the storyline, has cultural significance, or has high emotional impact to the signer.
Ex A: “It was my job”= MY DUTY, NOT WIFE. MY DUTY, RESPONSIBILITY.”
Ex B: “I waited in a long line forever.” “LONG-LINE, WAIT+++ LONG-LINE”
3. Reiteration: Refers to signs that are repeated in a text exactly the same way as they were initially stated. A sign or signs are used again, reiterated, within a passage.
This implies emphasis: that something is important to the storyline, has cultural significance, or has high emotional impact to the signer.
Ex A: “It was my job”= MY DUTY, NOT WIFE. MY DUTY, RESPONSIBILITY.”
Ex B: “I waited in a long line forever.” “LONG-LINE, WAIT+++ LONG-LINE”

12. ‘GROUP TRY WORK, BRAINSTORM-IDEAS, UNITED, WORK-HARD GROUP TRY”
“GROUP EFFORT”
“Group Effort” “GROUP TRY WORK, BRAINSTORM-IDEAS, UNITED, WORK-HARD GROUP TRY”
‘GROUP TRY WORK, BRAINSTORM-IDEAS, UNITED, WORK-HARD GROUP TRY”

13. Reiterate the following:
My snowmobile experience is unforgettable.
The hotel is swanky.
Lee is a complainer.
The restaurant has extremely excellent food.
Reiterate the following:
My snowmobile experience is unforgettable. “MY SNOWMOBILE EXPERIENCE, WOW, NEVER FORGET, REMEMBER-INTENSILY, NEVER-FORGET”
The hotel is swanky. “HOTEL, WOW, FANCY, ELABORATE, REALLY-SWANKY”
Lee is a complainer. “LEE TEND HIS++ COMPLAIN++, STOP NEVER, COMPLAIN++ SAME-SAME+”
The restaurant has extremely excellent food. ‘RESTAURANT, FOOD DELICIOUS, WOW, VERY-DELICIOUS”

14. 4. Utilizing 3D Space
Space is utilized in setting up nouns, pronouns-referential space, proximal relationships- topographical space.
Classifiers are one way this information is conveyed.
Space can be referential, topographical, by using spatial mapping and/or classifiers.
4. Utilizing 3D Space:
Space is utilized in setting up nouns, pronouns-referential space, proximal relationships- topographical space.
Classifiers is one way this information is conveyed.
Space can be referential, topographical, by using spatial mapping and/or classifiers.
Example next slide

15. Utilizing 3D Space
Example: “Across the arid grasslands, as far as the eye can see, hugging the shadows of the few trees, lay a pride of lions in various stages of sleep and rest.”
Utilizing 3D Space:
Example: “Across the arid grasslands, as far as the eye can see, hugging the shadows of the few trees, lay a pride of lions in various stages of sleep and rest.”
“LAND-AS-FAR-AS-EYE-CAN-SEE, DRY GRASS, FEW TREES HERE+THERE, LIONS HIDE HERE-THERE, LION LIE-ON-SIDE, LIE-ON-TUMMY, STANDING, SOME SLEEP, SOME REST.”

16. Picture of sunset: palm trees, sun setting, yellow orb, boats in distance, water shimmer color yellow, pink, orange.. reflect etc”

17. “Full of waving hands” Picturesque
Picturesque: village looks like ski resort or old fashioned village, snowy, many people walking in one direction toward building.
Picture full of waving hands: mass of people with hands waving, can’t see faces, just hands different skin color full-of-waving-hands, as-far-as-eye-can-see.”
“Full of waving hands”
Picturesque

18. Utilize the following in 3D:
A bird sitting on a tree grooming itself when alerted by sound immediately taking flight.
A 6th floor apartment dweller accidentally dropped a flowerpot on the pavement and it shattered into pieces, the flowers lay drooping.
The beginning skier was waving his ski poles wildly as he careened down the slope, his eyes wide and mouth open as if trying to scream in the cold air.
Plagiarism is flagrant at colleges with lenient professors.
Utilize the following in 3D:
1. A bird sitting on a tree grooming itself when alerted by sound immediately taking flight.
2. A 6th floor apartment dweller accidentally dropped a flowerpot on the pavement and it shattered into pieces, the flowers lay drooping.
3. The beginning skier was waving his ski poles wildly as he careened down the slope, his eyes wide and mouth open as if trying to scream in the cold air.
4. Plagiarism is flagrant at colleges with lenient professors.

19. 5. Explaining by Examples
It is often for nouns and superordinates which are a category of words that group concrete objects together
Examples:
Furniture: chair, table, sofa, lamp etc.
Baby clothes: diapers, onesies, bib etc.
5. Explaining by Examples:
It is often for nouns and superordinates which are category of words that group concrete objects together
Examples:
Furniture: chair, table, sofa, lamp etc.
Baby clothes: diapers, onesies, bib etc.

20. Tools
Pictures of Tools: HAMMER, WRENCH, DRILL, SCREWDRIVER, DRILL, SCISSORS, CUTTER ETC.

21. Vehicles
Picture of Vehicles: CAR, BUS, VAN, MOTORCYCLE, BICYCLE, PLANE ETC.

22. Weapons
Weapons: GUN, SWORD, SPEAR, KNIFE, RIFLE ETC.

23. Explain by Examples the Following:
The continents
Food groups
Fruits
Vaccination for childhood illnesses
Etc.
Explain by Examples the Following:
The continents: NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, ASIA, ETC
Food groups: MEAT-BEEF,-FISH, CHICKEN, FRUITS ,VEGETABLES, DAIRY, BREAD, CEREAL, FATS: OIL, BUTTER ETC.
Fruits: APPLES, ORANGES, BANANAS ETC.
Vaccination for childhood illnesses: MEASLES, WHOOPING COUGH, POLIO, MUMPS ETC.

24. 6. Couching or Scaffolding
A series of signs are grouped together to form a concept. This adds background or contextual information to a concept to make it clear.
“Defining an object or phenomenon by description, analogy, or function instead of “by label” (Smith 1996)
It may include 3D space, explaining by example, contrasting or by simply explaining the concept.
An introductory “set-up” is needed to ensure the listener has a shared schema or frame to understand the upcoming discourse.
6. Couching or Scaffolding:
A series of signs are grouped together to form a concept. This adds background or contextual information to a concept to make it clear.
“Defining an object or phenomenon by description, analogy, or function instead of “by label” (Smith 1996)
It may include 3D space, explaining by example, contrasting or by simply explaining the concept.
An introductory “set-up” is needed to ensure the listener has a shared schema or frame to understand the upcoming discourse.

25. Couching/Scaffolding Example
EX: Sewer pipes: “KNOW TOILET FLUSH ECL: water-drain-through pipe CC big sewer pipe ECL: sewage flows.”
Couching/Scaffolding Example:
EX: Sewer pipes: “KNOW TOILET FLUSH ECL: water-drain-through pipe CC big sewer pipe ECL: sewage flows.”

26. Endangered Species
Endangered Species: “YOU KNOW BEFORE SOME ANIMALS LIVE ON-EARTH, NOW DIE++ WHY? (RH-Q) KILL, HUNT, SICK DISEASE SPREAD CAUSE DIE++ NOW ANIMALS GONE, AGAIN BACK NEVER! THAT FS: ENDANGERED SPECIES.”

27. Couch or Scaffold the following:
Primitive cultures
Hydroponics
Gold Rush
Technological Advances
Couch or Scaffold the following: Primitive cultures: “WORLD MANY CULTURES, SOME CULTURES NOT AHEAD LIKE NO ELECTRICTY, NOT BUY THINGS FROM STORE, SELF GROW OR HUNT FOOD, SELF MAKE CLOTHES AND USE OLD WAY LIKE MAKE BOWL, CUP OR SPEAR FOR LIVING ETC THAT PRIMITIVE CULTURES.”
Hydroponics: “NEW WAY GROW THINGS, NOT OUTDOORS SUN-ON-PLANTS, INDOORS, “CONTROL TEMPERATURE, SELF ELECTRIC START-ON WATER, PLANTS GROW IN SOIL NO, HAVE PLASTIC BARS PLANTS GROW HANGING ABOVE FLOOR”
Gold Rush: “LONG TIME AGO IN ’S, MANY PEOPLE FLOCK WEST CALIFORNIA WHY? (rh-q) LOOK-FOR GOLD, HEARD EASY FIND GOLD BECOME RICH QUICK, THAT GOLD RUSH”
Technological Advances: “YOU KNOW BEFORE NO TV, ELECTRICITY ETC. NOW HAVE TV, ELECTRICITY NOW MORE ADVANCED LIKE FLAT-SCREEN TV, HDTV, PAGERS, COMPUTERS, VP, MOBILE VP ETC. THAT NEW TECHNOLOGY.”

28. 7. Describe Then Do
When the signer shifts from a narrative style of discourse to direct style of discourse or from narrator to character.
Example-English: “I called a friend.”
ASL: ‘ME T0-CALL FRIEND ICL: “pick-up- phone-put-on-TTY.”
7. Describe Then Do:
When the signer shifts from a narrative style of discourse to direct style of discourse or from narrator to character.
Example-English: “I called a friend.”
ASL: ‘ME T0-CALL FRIEND ICL: “pick-up- phone-put-on-TTY.”

29. Soccer Game
Pictures of Soccer game: 2 girls chasing after ball, one girl look ready to kick ball, another try to catch up and kick too.

30. Describe then Do the Following:
I placed my call with VRS.
He showed up after I left.
We biked from opposite ends and had a hand slap when we passed each other.
The car swerved and slammed at the light pole, it fell on a fire hydrant. Water started spurting everywhere while the electric wires crackled.
1. I placed my call with VRS: “ME TO-CALL HEARING FRIEND ICL: “press-remote, on-power-light, press-remote-to dial, wait, picture-come-on, VRS (for VRS call).”
2. He showed up after I left.
3. We biked from opposite ends and had a hand slap when we passed each other.
4. The car swerved and slammed at the light pole, it fell on a fire hydrant. Water started spurting everywhere while the electric wires crackled.

31. A Fun Activity
There will be six groups lined up and each person assigned a number.
A picture will be shown overhead, the first person in the line from each group will have opportunity to look at the picture then select one expansion strategy and sign it to apply to the picture.
However, the next person to sign will need to choose another strategy if that strategy is already taken and so on for the person in the next group.
A Fun Activity:
There will be four groups lined up and each person assigned a number.
A picture will be shown overhead, the first person in the line from each group will have opportunity to look at the picture then select one expansion strategy and sign it to apply to the picture.
However, the next person to sign will need to choose another strategy if that strategy is already taken and so on for the person in the next group.

32. “Mass of Office Workers”
Picture of a Crowd on 3 Escalators:
1. Contrasting: “MASS OF PEOPLE, NOT FEW, MANY PEOPLE” or “ESCALATORS, NOT ONE, THREE ESCALATORS!”
2. Faceting: The Masses: “MANY PEOPLE, MEN, WOMEN, CHILDREN, MOST WORKERS, FLOCK ON ESCALATORS, MANY”
3. Reiteration: “WOW, MANY CROWD-OF-PEOPLE ON 3 ESCALATORS REALLY CROWD PEOPLE”
4. Utilizing 3D Space: Describe the 3 escalators-shiny, going uphill, many people, work clothes, white shirts, black suits, cross shoulder bags, many crowd on escalator.
5. Explaining by Examples: Office Workers: “YOU KNOW, PEOPLE WORK IN OFFICES, WHITE COLLAR JOBS LIKE SECRETARIES, RECEPTIONISTS, ACCOUNTANTS, SALES, ETC.
6. Couching or Scaffolding: Mass of Office Workers: Mass of Office Workers: Many people, do same thing like go to work downtown, office suits, shirts, carry computers, all rush, rush go on Escalators to work.
7. Describe then Do: Describe the action in the picture
“Mass of Office Workers”

33. Beach Volleyball Beach Volleyball
1. Contrasting: “VOLLEYBALL PLAYER-MAN FALL ON BACK, NOT JUST SLIP, NO, REAL BUSINESS , SLO-MO-FALL-ON-BACK”
2. Faceting: “BEACH VOLLEYBALL, GAME PLAY ON BEACH OUTDOORS, SAND, SOFT, PLAY IN SWIMSUITS, HOT SUN.
3. REITERATION: “WOW, VOLLEYBALL PLAYER SLO-MO-FALL-ON-HIS-BACK, NOT JUST SLIP, FALL-ON-HIS-BACK!”
4. Utilizing 3D Space: “BEACH, SOFT WHITE SAND, WAVES LAPPING, WATER-ROCKS IN DISTANCE, PEOPLE STANDING, LYING ON SAND, BEACH UMBRELLA, VOLLEYBALL PLAYER TRY HIT BALL WRONG HAPPEN, FELL-SLO-MO-ON-HIS-BACK! BALL WHIZZ OVERHEAD.
5. Explaining by Examples: Beach Volleyball: BEACH, SAND, NET, WEAR SWIMSUITS, OUTDOORS, BALL ETC.
6. Couching or Scaffolding: Beach Volleyball: You know volleyball, net, ball, two teams on each side usually 5-6 players, beach different: at beach, outdoors, on soft sand, tend wear swimsuits, less players, usually a team of two or three for each side.
7. Describe then Do: Beach Volleyball: man tried to hit volleyball but ran far too fast in sand and lost balance, he fell in slow motion while ball went overhead.
Beach Volleyball

34. Fantasy Picture: butterflies, rainbows, seas of many colors.

35. The African Sahara
The African Sahara

36. Skateboarder
Skateboarder

37. Animation/
Ribbon Dancer
Animation/Ribbon Dancer

38. The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China

39. “It’s a Dog’s Life”
“It’s a Dog’s Life!”

40. Landlocked Lake
Landlocked Lake

41. Partygoers on New Year’s Eve

42. Prayer
Prayer

43. Fini
Fini