1. Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences SBS200 - Lecture Section 001, Fall 2017 Room 150 Harvill Building 10: :50 Mondays, Wednesdays & Fridays.
Welcome

2. Lecturer’s desk Projection Booth Screen Screen Harvill 150 renumbered
Row A 15 14
Row A 13 3 2 1
Row A
Row B 23 20
Row B 19 5 4
3 2 1
Row B
Row C 25 21
Row C 20 6 5 1
Row C
Row D 29 23
Row D 22 8 7 1
Row D
Row E 31 23
Row E 23 9 8 1
Row E
Row F 35 26
Row F 25 11 10 1
Row F
Row G 35 26
Row G 25 11 10 1
Row G
Row H 37 28 27 13
Row H 12 1
Row H 41 29 28 14
Row J 13 1
Row J 41 29
Row K 28 14 13 1
Row K
Row L 33 25
Row L 24 10 9 1
Row L
Row M 21 20 19
Row M 18 4 3 2 1
Row M
Row N 15 1
Row P 15 1
Harvill 150
renumbered
table 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Projection Booth
Left handed desk

4. A note on doodling

5. Lab sessions Hand in Project 3 Next Week
Everyone will want to be enrolled
in one of the lab sessions
Hand in
Project 3 Next Week

6. Schedule of readings Before next exam (November 17th)
Please read chapters in OpenStax textbook
Please read Chapters 2, 3, and 4 in Plous
Chapter 2: Cognitive Dissonance
Chapter 3: Memory and Hindsight Bias
Chapter 4: Context Dependence

7. Writing Assignment - Quiz
1. When do you use a t-test and when do you use an ANOVA
2. What is the formula for degrees of freedom in a two-sample t-test
3. What is the formula for degrees of freedom “between groups” in ANOVA
4. What is the formula for degrees of freedom “within groups” in ANOVA
5. How are “levels”, “groups”, “conditions” “treatments” related?
6. How are “significant difference”, “p< 0.05”, “main effect” and “we reject the null” related?
7. Draw and match each with proper label
Within Group
Variability
Total Variability
Between Group Variability
8. When do you use a one-way ANOVA and when do you
use a two-way?
9. How are two-way ANOVA and 2-factor ANOVA related?

8. Writing Assignment - Quiz
10. Daphne compared running speed for three types of running
shoes. She asked 10 people to run as fast as they could
wearing one type of shoe. So, there were 30 people altogether
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
How many factors do we have (what are they)?
How many treatments do we have (what are they)?
11. Complete this ANOVA table
12. Find the critical F value from the table
13. Is there a main effect of type of running shoe?
Is “p< 0.05”?

9. Writing Assignment - Quiz
n -1 per group
or n-2 or
Total n - # of groups
1. When do you use a t-test and when do you use an ANOVA
t-tests compare two means
ANOVA compares more than two means
2. What is the formula for degrees of freedom in a two-sample t-test
3. What is the formula for degrees of freedom “between groups” in ANOVA
# of groups - 1
4. What is the formula for degrees of freedom “within groups” in ANOVA
n -1 per group or
Total n - # of groups
5. How are “levels”, “groups”, “conditions” “treatments” related?
6. How are “significant difference”, “p< 0.05”, “main effect” and “we reject the null” related?
They all mean the same thing
They all mean the same thing
7. Draw and match each with proper label
One-way ANOVA has one IV
Two-way ANOVA has two IV’s
Within Group
Variability
Total Variability
Between Group Variability
8. When do you use a one-way ANOVA and when do you
use a two-way?
They mean the same thing
9. How are two-way ANOVA and 2-factor ANOVA related?

10. Writing Assignment - Quiz
10. Daphne compared running speed for three types of running
shoes. She asked 10 people to run as fast as they could
wearing one type of shoe. So, there were 30 people altogether
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
How many factors do we have (what are they)?
How many treatments do we have (what are they)?
Type of running shoe
Running
Speed
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
3 groups
1 Factor
11. Complete this ANOVA table
SSB
dfB
# groups - 1
n - # groups
MSB
MSW
SSW
dfW
n - 1
Yes
F(2,27)=4.00; p< 0.05
12. Find the critical F value from the table
3.37
13. Is there a main effect of type of running shoe?
Is “p< 0.05”?

11. Writing Assignment - Quiz
10. Daphne compared running speed for three types of running
shoes. She asked 10 people to run as fast as they could
wearing one type of shoe. So, there were 30 people altogether
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
How many factors do we have (what are they)?
How many treatments do we have (what are they)?
Hand in Quiz
11. Complete this ANOVA table
12. Find the critical F value from the table
13. Is there a main effect of type of running shoe?
Is “p< 0.05”?

12. Two-way analysis of variance Variance is divided further
College
Number of
cookies sold
Elementary
Remember, two-way = two IV
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Total variability
Between
group
variability
Within
group
variability
Remember, factor = independent variable
Remember, within group variability = error variability = random error
Factor A
Variability
Factor B
Variability
Interaction
Variability

13. What if we add an independent variable? Does “age” make a difference?
Does the age and the type of incentive interact?
Number of
cookies sold
Incentives
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Elementary
College
Number of
cookies sold
Incentives
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Two-way gives info on “interactions”
Two-way gives info “Main effects” &“Interactions”
One-way ANOVA gives info on “Main effects”
No incentive
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
Bike
Hawaii trip
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
We have two main effects and an interaction 13

14. Main effects and interactions
Does incentive have an effect?
We have two main effects
and an interaction
Do age and the
type of incentive interact?
Number of
cookies sold
Incentives
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Number of
cookies sold
Incentives
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Elementary
College
No incentive
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
Bike
Hawaii trip
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
Does age have an effect?
Rule for interactions:
No interaction: If lines are parallel
Yes interaction: If lines are (in any way) NOT parallel 14

15. What if there were no interactions?
Do age and the
type of incentive interact?
Does incentive have an effect?
Does the age and the type of incentive interact?
Incentives
Number of
cookies sold
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
College
Elementary
Number of
cookies sold
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Incentives
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
Hawaii trip
Bike
Number of
cookies sold
No incentive
Elementary
College
Does age have an effect?
Age
We have no interaction
Rule for interactions:
No interaction: If lines are parallel
Yes interaction: If lines are (in any way) NOT parallel 15

16. What would this 2 x 3 design look like?
Number of
cookies sold
Incentives
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Two-way ANOVA with one factor having two levels,
and the other factor having three levels
2 x 3 design
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
mean=2.67
mean=5.33
Elementary
College
Age
0.5
1.5
Incentive
Type
None
Bike
Hawaii
mean = 1
mean = 5
mean = 6
4.5
5.5 3 9 16

17. What would this 2 x 3 design look like?
Number of
cookies sold
Number of
cookies sold
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Elementary
College
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Incentives
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
mean=2.67
mean=5.33
Elementary
College
Age
0.5
1.5
None
mean = 1
mean = 5
mean = 6
Incentive
Type
Bike
4.5
5.5
Hawaii 3 9 17

18. What would this 2 x 3 design look like?
Number of
cookies sold
Number of
cookies sold
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Elementary
College
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Incentives
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
mean=2.67
mean=5.33
Elementary
College
Age
Main effect
of incentive
0.5
1.5
None
mean = 1
mean = 5
mean = 6
Incentive
Type
Bike
4.5
5.5
Hawaii 3 9 18

19. What would this 2 x 3 design look like?
Number of
cookies sold
Number of
cookies sold
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Elementary
College
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Incentives
Number of
cookies sold
Age
Elementary
College
mean=2.67
mean=5.33
Elementary
College
Age
0.5
1.5
Main effect
of age
None
mean = 1
mean = 5
mean = 6
Incentive
Type
Bike
4.5
5.5
Hawaii 3 9 19

20. What would this 2 x 3 design look like?
Number of
cookies sold
Number of
cookies sold
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Elementary
College
None
Bike
Hawaii trip
Incentives
Number of
cookies sold
Interaction
Age
Elementary
College
mean=2.67
mean=5.33
Elementary
College
Age
0.5
1.5
None
mean = 1
mean = 5
mean = 6
Incentive
Type
Bike
4.5
5.5
Hawaii 3 9 20

21. Thank you!
See you next time!!