1. Chapter 16: The Age of Exploration (1400-1650)
Section 1: Great Voyages of Discovery

2. Section 1: Great Voyages of Discovery
Quick Write: What’s the BIG Whoop?!?
Consider the dangers and risk that are associated with the voyages that people have ventured on in human history. Whether it has been the high seas, the depths of the ocean, the last frontier, or the vastness of space, what do you think is the motivation(s) that drive these explorers?
Explorers

3. Section 1: Great Voyages of Discovery
Desire and Opportunity to Explore
Reasons to Explore
Trade – spices (like pepper), precious metals and other goods
Religion – Christians missionaries wanted to convert more people to Christianity
Curiosity and Fame – Marco Polo’s legend and tales of adventure

4. Section 1: Great Voyages of Discovery
Advances in Technology
The Astrolabe - an instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, and in navigation for calculating latitude
More accurate maps
Improved ship building – primarily by the Portuguese
The Caravel

5. Section 1: Great Voyages of Discovery
Portuguese and Spanish Exploration
The Portuguese
Prince Henry the Navigator – not a navigator, but built an observatory and navigation school for sailors
Bartolomeu Dias – succeeded in sailing around the horn of Africa but had to turn back
Vasco de Gama – sailed around Africa and landed on the west coast of India
Pedro Cabral – mistakenly landed on the South American continent, now Brazil, when trying to get around Africa.

6. Section 1: Great Voyages of Discovery
The Spanish
Christopher Columbus – Italian navigator in search for a new route to Asia promising Spanish Crown land, riches, and converts. He instead landed in Caribbean Islands, mistakenly believing he reached India.
Ferdinand Magellan - Portuguese explorer led an adventurous expedition around South America. Succeeding, Magellan continued through the Pacific, and his voyage eventually made it back to Spain.
Magellan was killed before his voyage circumnavigated the globe. He was killed by natives in the Philippines.

7. Section 1: Great Voyages of Discovery
English and French in America
Exploring New Lands
John Cabot – Italian sailing for England thought he reached Asia but landed in Canada
Jacques Cartier – French explorer also landed in Canada
Competing for Land and Wealth
As the Spanish controlled the flow of gold and silver of the Americas, English sent Francis Drake to intercept them and steal the precious cargo
He would become known as a pirate
Defeat of the Spanish Armada

8. Chapter 16: The Age of Exploration (1400-1650)
Section 2: The Columbian Exchange

9. Section 2: The Columbian Exchange
Trading Places
Plants and Animals
Columbian Exchange – exchange of plants, animals, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) and the Old World (Europe).
Impacted people and cultures around the globe

10. Section 2: The Columbian Exchange
Old World Plants and Animals
New World Plants and Animals
Bananas and sugarcane
Oranges, onions, and lettuce
Cows, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, and chickens
Measles, smallpox, germs, and diseases
Tomatoes, potatoes, beans, squash, avocados, pineapples, tobacco, and chili peppers
Peanuts, maize, and sweet potatoes
Turkeys

11. Section 2: The Columbian Exchange

12. Section 2: The Columbian Exchange
Culture and Technology
Religion and Language
Christian missionaries seeking converts
Europeans taught their languages to natives
Built and ran schools
Technology
Guns, Steel, and wheel uses
Beasts of Burden
Industry
Mining
Textiles
Plantations

13. Section 2: The Columbian Exchange
Society and the Economy
Treatment of American Indians
Plantation, mining brought poor treatment to natives
Forced labor, harsh treatment, disease killed many
Reduced by eighty percent
Bartolome de las Casas
Convert Native Americans to Christianity through kindness
Spanish Crown created laws, but they were rarely recognized

14. Section 2: The Columbian Exchange
Slavery and Society
Deadly impact on Native Americans led to the use of African slaves for labor
Social hierarchy
Europeans
Mestizo
Natives and Africans
Racism – the belief that some people are better than other because of racial traits

15. Chapter 16: The Age of Exploration (1400-1650)
Section 3: Origins of Capitalism

16. Section 3: Origins of Capitalism
A New Economy
Mercantilism – a system in which a government controls all economic activity in a country and its colonies to make the government stronger and richer
Gold/Silver Standard
Nationalism

17. Section 3: Origins of Capitalism
EXPORTS versus Imports
Balance of trade – relationship of goods imported to the goods exported
Colonial usage and purposes
Colonies > Raw materials, Europe > manufactured goods
Cottage industries – system in which families work in their homes to make a part of a product

18. Section 3: Origins of Capitalism
New Trading Patterns
Triangle Trade
Power Shifts in Europe
Northern European Trade Routes
Use of atlases, or collection of maps
Encouraged traders to find new routes around the world
India, Asia, and the Americas
English and the Dutch gained control over much of the international trade

19. Section 3: Origins of Capitalism

20. Section 3: Origins of Capitalism
Banking
Netherlands and Britain
Jewish influence
Market Economies
Supply and Demand
TAKE MY MONEY!!!
Capitalism – economic system in which individuals and private businesses run most industries
Market economy – individuals decide what goods and services they will buy