1. The Jobs of Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs: Protect Serve Lead

2. Protect Center of Religion Center of Culture Center of Politics
Keep the gods happy
Pharaoh IS a god and has duties to ensure gods’ protection
Center of Culture
Center of Politics

3. Center of Politics Pharaoh as political leader Unity Old Kingdom
~3100 BC Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt
Capital at Memphis

4. Center of Religion Pharaoh as builder Pyramids- ALL Old Kingdom
3rd Dynasty-The Step Pyramid of King Djoser at Saqqara
Pharaoh as builder

5. Center of Religion Illustrate economic power/ strength/ prosperity
What else do pyramids tell us about the Old Kingdom?
Great Pyramids at Giza- 4th Dynasty
Across the Nile from Memphis

6. Protect and Serve Pharaoh as political leader
Unity/ peace and harmony
Middle Kingdom- The Golden Age
Reunification and expansion
Pharaoh as public servant
Pharaoh in charge of public works and welfare
Rebuild after Intermediate Period
Take care of the people

7. Protect and Serve Pharaoh as political leader Unity Serve New Kingdom
Reunification and expansion
Ahmose I conquered the Hyksos and rewarded soldiers with land= care
Serve
Rebuild after Intermediate Period
Take care of the people
Hatshepsut- rebuilding projects

8. Lead Pharaoh as military leader Expand Borders Secure Borders
Egypt becomes the most powerful empire
Expand Borders
Tutmoses III- empire builder
Amenhotep III
Secure Borders
Ramses II- Syria to Sudan
opposed Hittite expansion at Quadesh

9. Lead Ramses II- Quadesh
Then kept out of war… peace until after his death
Propaganda to celebrate his victory

10. Center of Religion Karnak Luxor Pharaoh as builder
New Kingdom : Amenhotep III

11. Center of Religion and Politics
Abu-Simbel
in Nubia
Also expanded existing temples with colossal statues, obelisks, wall paintings, etc.

12. Center of Religion Akhenaton- Glory of Aton Changed to monotheism
Worshipped Aton
Loss of traditional gods
Moved capital to Amarna
Pol/ econ destabilized
Assassinated after 12 yrs

13. Center of Culture
The art of the Amarna Period illustrates the only change in Egyptian art in 3000 years
How are the figures different?

14. Amarna Period
How are the figures different?

15. Center of Culture Tutankhamon Valley of the Kings
Pharaoh at ~9, died ~18
Restored the old gods
Returned the capital to Thebes
Valley of the Kings
First pharaoh found with his tomb intact
Found by Carter, 1922

16. Center of Religion Erase the memory of Armana
Ramses II opposed the monotheism of Hebrews
Slavery

17. External Problems Hyksos 1640-1570
Asian nomads invaded and ruled for 70 years
End the Middle Kngdm
Horse chariot and compound bow
Hittites
ish
Anatolian power comparable to Egypt
Expansion challenged Egypt
Destroyed by the Sea People who also end the New Kingdom

18. After 1200 BC Dark Age Middle Eastern civs decline and disappear
Egypt dominated by Libyans and Nubians
Conquered by Alexander and then Rome
Middle Eastern civs decline and disappear
no dominant power/ political vacuum
other civs begin to develop