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Rodentia: Gnawing Mammals
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Rodentia Checklist one pair of upper and lower incisors
each enlarged, sharply beveled, ever-growing enamel on outer surface only diastama between incisors and premolars other skull features
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Sciuridae: Squirrels
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Gray Squirrel Sciurus caroliniensis
melanistic (black) form in some areas Besides nuts, also eat flowers, bark, buds, bird eggs, insects, carrion
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Fox Squirrel Sciurus niger
“fox” refers to the reddish color less arboreal, favors more open habitats
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Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
favors evergreens to mixed forests store unripe cones in middens also eat bird eggs, mushrooms loud and vocal
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Southern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys volans
more common of the two species glide rather than powered flight prefers deciduous woods diet of fungi, lichens, nuts, seeds, bird eggs, sap
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Northern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus
prefer coniferous woods doesn’t hibernate eat hypogenous fungi susceptible to nematode parasite, Stongyloides robustus G. volans is less susceptible
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Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus
Facial stripes Cheek pouches 1 in east, 21 in west
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Woodchuck Marmota monax
are a ground squirrel AKA groundhog, whistle-pig true hibernators burrow up to 30’
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Castoridae Beaver Castor canadensis
our largest rodent perhaps most important animal in settling of North America tail slapping threat behavior can remain submerged 15 minutes
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Cricetidae: Native Rats, Mice & Voles
Largest family of NA mammals
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Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus
feed on cattails and aquatic plants actively scent-mark territories, hence the name domed huts tapered, hairless, scaly tail differs from beaver’s flat tail
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Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
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White-footed Mouse Peromyscus leucopus
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Eastern Woodrat Neotoma floridana
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Southern Red-backed Vole Clethrionomys gapperi
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Meadow Vole Microtus pennsylvanicus
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Rock Vole Microtus chrotorrhinus
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Woodland Vole Microtus pinetorum
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Southern Bog Lemming Synaptomys cooperi
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Muridae: Old World Rats & Mice
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Norway Rat (I) Rattus norvegicus
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House Mouse (I) Mus musculus
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Meadow Jumping Mouse Zapus hudsonius
Zapodidae: Jumping Mice Meadow Jumping Mouse Zapus hudsonius
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Woodland Jumping Mouse Napaeozapus insignis
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Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum
Erethizontidae: Porcupines Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum quills are modified hairs with barbed tip few predators except Fisher in winter, feed on inner bark of trees more varied diet in summer
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