1. The Steps into creation of research
Chapter 3
The Steps into creation of research
1. The statement of research project
2. Searching literature
3. Elementary scientific method
4. The design of experiment and apparatus
5. Classification, sampling and measurement
6. Analysing of experimental data
7. Reporting of research

2. Research Defined Systematic – research process
Logical – induction/deduction
Empirical – evidence based
Reductive – generalisation
Replicable – methodology.

3. Research Process Review the Available Literature Publish Findings
Formulate a Question
Research Process
Interpret Findings
Select an Appropriate Research Design
Collect Relevant Data

4. Research and Project
ALL projects require scincist to carry out research
Development projects – desk research on development methods, tools, hardware, software, trends in the business environment that may affect the development
Research projects – desk research (literature review) but also field work to gather data first hand

5. Getting Started: 1.Research statement
A research statement is a summary of research achievements and a proposal for upcoming research. It often includes both current aims and findings, and future goals. Research statements are usually requested as part of a relevant job application process, and often assist in the identification of appropriate applicants

7. Purpose of a Research Statement
What is your interest in the research study?
What were the unsolved questions that compelled a student to undertake the study?
What are the major accomplishments that resulted from the study?
What methodologies were used in collection and analysis of data for the research project?
What were the factors that limited the scope of the research?
What other challenges were encountered during the research and how were they overcome?
What is the application of your research in society?
What is the importance of the research project within its relevant field?

8. Content of the Research Statement
Research Statement Considerations for Recent and Future Research
Types of Research Statements
-Objective Research Statement: An objective research statement gives a balanced overview of the whole of the research study.
-Subjective Research Statement: The subjective research statement is based on the results of research analysis.

10. Bad Practices of Research Statements
The research study is trivial and does not contribute beneficially to the relevant field.
The research statement is built on a hypothesis that is unstable and lacks enough evidence to be compelling.
The statement relates to only a limited area and hence does not address the mainstream issues of its field.
The research statement does not fully grasp the complexity of the research study.

11. 2.Research and Literature

12. Primary and Secondary Data Sources
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observation
Participant observation
Informal conversations
Structured group discussions
Secondary
Textbooks
Specialist books
Journal papers
Conference papers
Magazine articles
Government & industry reports
Web pages
Acts of Parliament
Company reports

13. Literature Reviews Find out what is known about the subject
Find out whether the research has been done before
Build a case for carrying out research
Show your expertise in the subject

14. When to Use Surveys
To explore a topic about which relatively little is known
To replicate/test/extend findings of a piece of research
To collect large amounts of data so that statistical analysis can be carried out
To make generalisations based on quantifiable findings

16. Plagiarism – Just Don’t Do IT!
Plagiarism involves:
Intentionally copying someone else’s ideas or words and not attributing them
Colluding with other students on work when prohibited from doing so
Cutting and pasting text from the Internet and passing it off as your own
Purchasing someone else’s work and describing it as your own

17. 3. Elementary scientific method
The scientific method is the process of collecting data through observation and experimentation, then formulating and testing a hypotheses.

18. The six steps of
the scientific method are:
Problem
Hypothesis
Materials
Procedures
Results
Conclusion

19. The scientific method is a body of techniquesfor investigating phenomena, acquiring newknowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge

20. 4. The design of experiment and apparatus
Constants in an Experiment
Factors that are kept the same and not allowed to change

21. The part of the experiment that serves as the standard of comparison.
The Control in an Experiment
What is a control?
The part of the experiment that serves as the standard of comparison.
Why is a control necessary?
It is the unchanged part of the experiment that detects the effects of hidden variables.

22. Drawing of Experiment
Include Labels to clearly identify the important parts of the experimental setup

23. 6. analysing of experimental data

24. Key components of a data analysis plan
Purpose of the evaluation
Questions
What you hope to learn from the question
Analysis technique
How data will be presented

27. 7. Reporting of research

28. Types of research articles:
Research results may be published in many ways. These are some of the more traditional ones:
A journal article
A conference paper
An article in a trade or scholarly periodical
A thesis
A research report
A research monograph

29. Chapter 6: Conduct
Chapter 7: Results
Chapter 8: Analysis
Chapter 9: Findings and impact of work
Chapter 10: Conclusion and future work
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Scene setting/background
Chapter 3: Literature review
Chapter 4: The Hypothesis
Chapter 5: Methodology and research design