1. Andrew Jackson:
VAGLIO

2. Champion of the “Common Man”?
Essential Question:
Champion of the “Common Man”?
“King” Andrew? OR

3. What were the
democratic
trends
in the 19c?

4. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

5. Voter Turnout:

6. Why Increased Democratization?
White male suffrage increased
Party nominating committees.
Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.
Spoils system.
Rise of Third Parties.
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:
Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)
Democrats (1828)

7. Jackson's
Early
Life

8. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

9. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

10. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

11. Jackson's
First
Presidential Run

12. The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

13. William H. Crawford [GA]
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Henry Clay [KY]
John Quincy Adams [MA]
John C. Calhoun [SC]
William H. Crawford [GA]

14. Results of the 1824 Election
A “Corrupt Bargain?”

15. Yankee Misfit in the White House
Characteristics
Puritanical honor –
Great popularity
Plans for Administration
Construction of roads, canals, national university, astronomical observatory
Means higher tariffs
Cherokee were dealt with fairly by JQA – but Georgia resisted those attempts of equal treatment

16. States Expand Voting Rights
Under John Q. Adams – voting rights expanded because many states eliminated property qualifications
1824 election 355, 000 Americans voted or 26.9% of the electorate
million Americans voted or 57.6% of the electorate voted – giving A Jackson the presidency

17. What were
the key issues
in 1828?

18. Rachel Jackson
Final Divorce Decree

19. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

20. 1828 Election Results

21. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

22. Jacksonian Revolution
Jackson won the popular vote and the EC
Jackson received support from the South and West while New England States liked Adams
Political gravity shifting away from the north – (Essex Junto/ Hartford convention anyone?)
Adams still had a great political career – getting elected to the House of Reps

23. People’s President Orphaned at the age of 14
Received little formal education
Elected to represent TN in congress before the age of 30
Famous for the Battle of New Orleans in the 1812 War
Captured Spanish Florida –
Took part in 5 duels killing 1 of his adversaries

24. Advent of Old Hickory Personal Battles Characteristics
Dysentery, malaria, tuberculosis, lead poisoning
Characteristics
Rough, jack of all trades, genuine folk hero
Violent temper, got into many duels
From the west – lived in a fine Mansion (the Hermitage)
Ignored the Supreme Court on Occasion – used the veto 12 times
“Inaugeral Bowl”
King Mob

25. The New “Jackson Coalition”
The Planter Elite in the South
People on the Frontier
State Politicians – spoils system
Immigrants in the cities.

26. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

27. The Reign of “King Mob”

28. Andrew Jackson as President

29. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

30. Cabinet Crisis & National Set Back
“Matty” or the “Little Magician”
“Eaton Malaria”
Maysville Road Veto

31. The
Tariff
Issue

32. Nullification Crisis
Tariff of Abominations – many South Carolinians threatened to secede
John C. Calhoun – The South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Robert Hayne (SC) & Daniel Webster (MA) Debates
Jackson Position – “Our Federal Union is tmust be Preserved”

33. Congresses passes the Tariff of 1832 – considerably less on the % of tax on imports
SC not satisfied --- adopted an Ordinance of Nullification
Jackson considers this treason – orders a war ship to Charleston
FORCE BILL
Henry Clay – Great Compromiser

34. 1832 Tariff Conflict 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination”
> new tariff
South Carolina’s reaction?
Jackson’s response?
Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

35. The
Nullification
Issue

36. Sen. Daniel Webster [MA]
The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel Webster [MA]
Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

37. 1830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.
Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.
Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

38. Jackson's
Native-American
Policy

39. Indian Removal Jackson’s Goal? 1830  Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

40. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

41. Indian Removal

42. Trail of Tears ( )

43. Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

44. Renewing
the Charter
of the
1st National Bank

45. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

46. The National Bank Debate
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle

47. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft” (paper) $
“Hard” (specie) $
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.
supported rapid economic growth & speculation.
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.

48. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
“pet banks”?
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went bankrupt!

49. Jackson & BUS
Jackson regarded the bank as a monopoly that benefited the wealthy
Jackson crushes the BUS
Removed Federal Money from BUS and placed it in state banks (PET BANKS) ---- WILD CAT BANKS
BUS – called in loans and stopped lending (Nicholaus Biddle)
Leads to Panic of 1837

50. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

51. An 1832 Cartoon:
“King Andrew”?

52. 1832 Election Results
Main
Issue?

53. The Specie Circular (1836) “wildcat banks.”
buy future federal land only with gold or silver.
Jackson’s goal?

54. Results of the Specie Circular
Banknotes loose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

55. New Party Emerges
KING ANDREW – a new party emerged to oppose him --- WHIGS – named after the party in England that worked to reduce the power of a monarch
Platform – larger federal gov’t, industrial and commercial development,
1836 Election – Martin VanBuren defeated 3 Whigs

56. The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

57. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

58. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

59. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)

60. Van Buren Presidency – Panic of 1837 – Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
Highest unemployment in American History
Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
Tyler – his Accidency
Third Bank?
Webster – Asburton Treaty