1. Medical Imaging Technologies

2. X-RAYS
Lose doses of radiation used to make images that can diagnose problems/ diseases in the body
As the radiation penetrates the body, it is absorbed in varying amounts by different body tissues depending on the tissue's composition of air, water, blood, bone, or muscle. Bones, for example, absorb much of the X-ray radiation while lung tissue (which is filled with mostly air) absorbs very little, allowing most of the X-ray beam to pass through the lung. Due to the differences in their composition (and, therefore, varying degrees of penetration of the X-ray beam), the lungs, heart, aorta, and bones of the chest each can be distinctly visualized on the chest X-ray. The X-ray film records these differences to produce an image of body tissue structures and these are shadows seen on the X-ray. The white shadows on chest X-ray represent more dense or solid tissues, such as bone or heart, and the darker shadows on the chest X-ray represent air filled tissues, such as lungs.

3. When are X rays used? CHEST PROBLEMS BROKEN BONES
CHEST: diagnose problems like TB, pneumonia, heart problems, asthma, cysts, cancers
CHEST PROBLEMS
BROKEN BONES

4. X-RAYS Advantages Disadvantages Inexpensive Widely available
Fast and easy (good for emergency diagnosis)
May increase chance of cancer
Not very sensitive (for soft tissues)

5. Computerized Tomography (CT)
Many X-rays images used to create cross sectional or 3D images of internal organs or structures to identify abnormalities
Dye may be used
Like a loaf of bread – creates cross sectional slices
Dye injected into spinal fluid to improve contrast
If X ray shows problems, a CT scan is done to confirm diagnosis

6. When is CT used? HEAD INJURIES TUMOURS INFECTIONS
Stages of osteoporosis
INFECTIONS: in lungs
HEAD INJURIES
TUMOURS
INFECTIONS

7. Computerized Tomography (CT)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Painless
More accurate than X rays
Image bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels at the same time
Fast
Real-time imaging
Reaction to dye
Radiation is used
Pregnant and obese people cannot use it
Real-time imaging: can do other procedures with it

8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses a magnetic field to take many pictures inside the body to see if there is anything abnormal.

9. When is MRI used? TUMOURS TORN ACL SPINAL CORD INJURIES
Look at abdominal organs, reproductive organs, breasts, blood vessels, tumours
TUMOURS
TORN ACL
SPINAL CORD INJURIES

10. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Very accurate
Painless
Doesn’t use radiation
Expensive
Patient must lie very still (or be sedated or anesthesized)
Takes a long time
Patients with cardiac pacemaker, metal implants or chips cannot use it

11. Uses sound waves to get an image from inside the body
Ultrasound
Uses sound waves to get an image from inside the body

12. When is ultrasound used?
Echocardiography: evaluates the heart, the heart's valve function, and blood flow through them. It also evaluates the heart wall motion and the amount of blood the heart pumps with each stroke.
PREGNANCY
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
BLOOD CLOTS

13. Ultrasound Advantages Disadvantages No known risks Live images
Widely available
ACCURACY DEPENDS ON OPERATOR
Can’t penetrate too deep (obesity if a problem)
Poor images when gas is present
Gas: in lungs or intestines( can’t see organs behind it)

14. MICROSCOPY
Allows us to see organisms/objects that we cannot see with our eyes alone

15. Light Microscopy
Light is passed through or reflected from a specimen through lenses to magnify it.

16. Uses: (1) Look at cells (2) Diagnose Infections
ONION SKIN CELLS
RED BLOOD CELLS
Uses: (1) Look at cells (2) Diagnose Infections

17. Light Microscopy Advantages Disadvantages Relatively cheap
Live or dead specimens
Natural colour can be kept
Can only magnify up to 2000x
Stains kills specimen

18. Electron Microscopy
A beam of particles called electrons are used to illuminate the specimen and magnify it

19. When is electron microscopy used. To study microscopic organisms
When is electron microscopy used? To study microscopic organisms. Examples:
CANCER CELLS
HIV VIRUS
RED BLOOD CELLS
SWINE FLU VIRUS

20. Electron Microscopy Advantages Disadvantages
Can magnify up to 2,000,000x!
$$$$$$
Specimens must be dead
Preparation takes a long time